Table 1.
Participant characteristics stratified by periodontal status
| No periodontitis (n = 1300) | Non-severe periodontitis (n = 513) | Severe periodontitis (n = 99) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 42.69 (± 8.22) | 44.20 (± 8.51) | 48.13 (± 7.99) | < 0.001 |
| Sex at birth | < 0.001 | |||
| Female | 714 (73.8%) | 220 (22.7%) | 34 (3.5%) | |
| Male | 586 (62.1%) | 293 (31.0%) | 65 (6.9%) | |
| Education level | < 0.001 | |||
| Low | 152 (11.7%) | 151 (29.4%) | 31 (31.3%) | |
| Medium | 636 (48.9%) | 293 (57.1%) | 58 (58.6%) | |
| High | 512 (39.4%) | 69 (13.5%) | 10 (10.1%) | |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | |||
| No diabetes | 1011 (77.8%) | 357 (69.6%) | 60 (60.6%) | |
| Pre-diabetes | 172 (13.2%) | 92 (17.9%) | 25 (25.3%) | |
| Diabetes | 89 (6.9%) | 53 (10.3%) | 12 (12.1%) | |
| Missing | 28 (2.2%) | 11 (2.1%) | 2 (2.0%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.3 | |||
| ≤ 24.9 | 377 (29.0%) | 131 (25.5%) | 21 (21.2%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 438 (33.7%) | 178 (34.7%) | 33 (33.3%) | |
| ≥ 30 | 483 (37.2%) | 203 (39.6%) | 44 (44.4%) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| Skeletal muscle mass index | < 0.001 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 18.09 (± 3.35) | 18.70 (± 3.30) | 19.22 (± 2.94) | < 0.001 |
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| Combined handgrip strength (kg) | 0.4 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 76.22 (± 21.71) | 77.26 (± 21.68) | 78.59 (± 20.75) | |
| Missing | 52 (4%) | 28 (5.5%) | 4 (4.0%) | |
| Bone mineral density (g/cm2) | 0.6 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 1.12 (± 0.11) | 1.11 (± 0.12) | 1.12 (± 0.11) | |
| Missing | 12 (0.9%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 0.1 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 201.66 (± 983.26) | 2310.81 (± 1108.61) | 2353.13 (± 1123.12) | |
| Missing | 60 (4.6%) | 38 (7.4%) | 9 (9.1%) | |
| Total protein intake (g/day) | 0.1 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 86.67 (± 43.79) | 91.55 (± 48.48) | 85.53 (± 41.90) | |
| Missing | 60 (4.6%) | 38 (7.4%) | 9 (9.1%) | |
| Vitamin D2 and D3 (nmol/L) | < 0.001 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 62.0 (47.0–77.2) | 54.6 (39.0–69.9) | 53.6 (37.4–67.6) | |
All continuous variables are reported with mean and standard deviation, (± SD), while categorical variables are reported in percentages, no (%)