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. 2022 May 18;32(9):1795–1803. doi: 10.1007/s00787-022-01996-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — ADHD diagnosis incidence rate, ADHD symptoms ≥ 95% and ≥ 90% by clinics (n = 63), 2011–2016. Upper graphs in Panel (A–C) present bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI) for chance variation around the population-weighted grand mean (black vertical line) for diagnosis, and sample-weighted grand mean for symptoms. Observed proportions (blue circles) outside 95% CI are larger than expected by chance. The lower graphs in Panel (A–C) present the observed coefficient of variation (CV) and the expected values of CV, under the null hypothesis that the CV does not exceed chance variation, based on 10,000 draws. The x-axis is the excess variation in CV compared to E(CV | H₀)