Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics and Zero Order Correlations for whole sample (top) and youth offender subsample (bottom)
| Whole sample (n = 130) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Correlation | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1. CU traits | 26.08 | 8.21 | |||||||||
| 2. Anxiety | 5.65 | 4.21 | −0.09 | ||||||||
| 3. Structural language | 79.55 | 20.84 | −0.18* | 0.01 | |||||||
| 4. Pragmatic Language | 48.41 | 6.91 | −0.01 | 0.02 | 0.57*** | ||||||
| 5. Age | 16.38 | 1.36 | 0.13 | 0.18* | −0.36*** | 0.05 | |||||
| 6. Ethnicity | 1.54 | 0.5 | −0.11 | 0.03 | 0.30*** | 0.22* | −0.09 | ||||
| 7. SES | 3.26 | 1.87 | 0.08 | 0.002 | 0.08 | 0.20* | 0.06 | 0.03 | |||
| 8. Education | 9.56 | 1.53 | −0.23** | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.47*** | 0.03 | −0.08 | ||
| 9. Non-verbal ability | 92.4 | 13.67 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.64*** | 0.44*** | −0.12 | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.12 | |
| 10. Offender status | 1.38 | 0.49 | −0.26*** | −0.18* | 0.59*** | 0.32*** | −0.48*** | 0.08 | −0.19* | 0.07 | 0.43*** |
| Youth offenders (n = 81) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | Correlation | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
| 1. CU traits | 27.74 | 8.62 | ||||||||||
| 2. Anxiety | 6.23 | 4.18 | −0.2 | |||||||||
| 3. Structural language | 70 | 17.17 | 0.02 | 0.1 | ||||||||
| 4. Pragmatic language | 46.68 | 7.3 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.56*** | |||||||
| 5. Age | 16.88 | 1.28 | 0.01 | 0.13 | −0.15 | 0.19 | ||||||
| 6. Ethnicity | 1.51 | 0.5 | −0.1 | −0.01 | 0.25* | 0.16 | −0.03 | |||||
| 7. SES | 3.54 | 2.12 | 0.14 | −0.08 | 0.2 | 0.30** | −0.04 | −0.04 | ||||
| 8. Education | 9.48 | 1.74 | −0.29** | 0.26* | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.47*** | 0.09 | −0.05 | |||
| 9. Non-verbal ability | 87.89 | 11.41 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.46*** | 0.38*** | 0.02 | −0.08 | 0.23* | −0.01 | ||
| 10. Age first offence | 14.83 | 1.67 | −0.25* | 0.29** | 0.00 | 0.23* | 0.51*** | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.57*** | 0.03 | |
| 11. Violent offending | 3.1 | 3.66 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.21 | −0.13 | 0.18 | −0.16 | 0.13 | −0.17 |
Variable CU Traits (ICU total scale score); Anxiety (YSR anxious-depressed subscale score); Structural Language (CELF-4, Core Language Score); Pragmatic Language (TASIT, Social Inference Minimal, sum of scores); Age (years); Ethnicity (Indigenous = 1, Non-Indigenous = 2); SES (IRSAD categories); Education (total years schooling completed); Nonverbal Ability (KBIT-2 Matrices subtest standard score); Offender Status (Youth Offender = 1, Non-Offender = 2); Age First Offence (years, youth justice data); Violent Offending (total violent offences, youth justice data)
***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05