Table 3.
Interactive Effects of Variant of Callous-Unemotional Traits and Oral Language Skill on Age of First Offence and Violent Offending
| Structural | Callous-unemotional variant | Part | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low language skill | High language skill | V(s) | F | η2 | |||||
| Primary CU (n = 9) | Secondary CU (n = 10) | Low CU (n = 21) | Primary CU (n = 12) | Secondary CU (n = 13) | Low CU (n = 16) | ||||
| Offending | 0.13 | 2.56* | 0.07 | ||||||
| Age 1st offence | 14.85 (0.48) [13.90, 15.80] | 14.25 (0.45) [13.53, 15.32] | 14.87 (0.33) [14.22, 15.51] | 14.33 (0.44) [13.46, 15.19] | 14.58 (0.40) [13.79, 15.37] | 15.60 (0.36) [14.88, 16.31] | 1.23 | 0.03 | |
| Violent | 0.47 (1.14) −1.81, 2.75] | 4.61 (1.08) [2.46, 6.77] | 2.17 (0.78) [0.62, 3.72] | 5.19 (1.04) [3.12, 7.27] | 3.16 (0.95) [1.27, 5.05] | 3.23 (0.86) [1.52, 4.94] | 4.33* | 0.11 | |
| Pragmatic | Primary CU (n = 6) | Secondary CU (n = 13) | Low CU (n = 25) | Primary CU (n = 15) | Secondary CU (n = 10) | Low CU (n = 12) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offending | 0.15 | 2.94* | 0.08 | ||||||
| Age 1st offence | 15.56 (0.55) [14.46, 16.66] | 14.77 (0.38) [14.02, 15.52] | 14.81 (0.28) [14.26, 15.37] | 14.12 (0.36) [13.41, 14.84] | 14.19 (0.43) [13.33, 15.05] | 15.97 (0.41) [15.16, 16.78] | 5.58** | 0.13 | |
| Violent | 0.84 (1.46) [−2.08, 3.76] | 3.82 (0.99) [1.84, 5.80] | 2.95 (0.74) [1.47, 4.42] | 3.91 (0.95) [2.02, 5.80] | 3.80 (1.14) [1.53, 6.07] | 2.17 (1.07) [0.03, 4.31] | 1.62 | 0.04 | |
Reported results are estimated marginal means, standard errors (in parentheses) and 95% confidence intervals [in square brackets]; Multivariate tests: V(s) = Pillai’s trace; df = 4, 144; ***p ≤ .001; **p ≤ .01; *p ≤ .05. Univariate tests: df = 2, 72; ***p ≤ .001; **p ≤ .01; *p ≤ .025 (Bonferroni adjustment). Co-variates were evaluated at: Age = 16.88; Ethnicity = 1.51; SES = 3.54. Variables. CU Variant—Primary: high CU traits, low anxiety; Secondary: high CU traits, high anxiety; Low: low CU traits (based on ICU total score, YSR anxious-depressed sub-scale score); Language: Structural (CELF-4, Core Language Score); Pragmatic (TASIT, Social Inference Minimal, sum of scores)