Table 3.
Linking Community Members’ Suggested Intervention Strategies to Enhance Screening with the CPSTF Recommended EBIs or Approaches
| Strategy | Type of intervention | Quote | MHOF construct |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potential client-/patient- oriented interventionsa | |||
| Increase demand for screening services | One-on-one education | 1. “I would hope that they can have field health nurse and go out [to my brother’s home] and you know talk with him one and one. I’m pretty sure he would be open to doing that [FOBT]…you know, offer it to him; say, ‘you can do this on your own privacy…I’ll even come and pick it up…’” (Men 50–75) |
Knowledge Communication with providers Barriers and Supports |
| 2. “I think that’s one way that would really help a lot: [a] field health nurse…I know…a while back they use to call the nurse on somebody who wouldn’t go [to the hospital]…say this person got this [problem or disease] and…they won’t go to the hospital or something wrong with their kid, their child…I remember they used to call the…field nurses cause they would go down and check on them…” (Men 50–75) | |||
| 3. “…have like, the public health nurses just go to individuals who have not had a scheduled pap smear or HPV vaccination and go to those individuals and say you know this is what we’re doing why we’re doing it you know we encourage you to do this and then maybe then that’ll get them to do it.” (Women 21–49) | |||
| Group education | 4. “I think [group sessions]…would be really [helpful], not only for this type [of cancer] but…cancer itself [more generally]…having something like this [group session] in order not [to] get…colon cancer…maybe one or two of us will go…or three or four…I think that will be a good thing…I’m getting the guts now [to talk about cancer].” (Men 50–75) |
Knowledge Communication with others Communication with providers |
|
| 5. “…like this group session…after this…maybe it can be start from there…talking one-on-one with other family members and then maybe it can be a chain reaction from there…” (Men 50–75) | |||
| 6. “Yeah I’m pretty sure [people would want to attend group sessions] cause…they will…be…interested in learning about…this illness, this sickness…especially when…family members…die, you know, they pass on it and I’m sure they’re willing to learn and know more about…what to do about it or [learn] what causes it.” (Men 50–75) | |||
| Client reminders | 7. “You miss one appointment and then…they say that…since you missed you got to wait so long to get your next appointment.” (Men 50–75) | Communication with providers | |
| Small media | 8. “…if there’s pamphlets or something like that…you could distribute them…at the stores or something like that. Or…make a big poster…I’m sure somebody would…have an interest in it.” (Men 50–75) | Knowledge | |
| 9. “…give them out [print outs, pamphlets] to each household to read what cancer is all about, cause some people…they don’t like to get involved with other people. They keep to themselves, you know.” (Women 50–75) | |||
| Increase community access | Reduce structural barriers | 10. “No transportation maybe where their health facility is located or maybe they don’t go to that certain facility, hospital.” (Women 21–49) |
Barriers and Supports Knowledge |
| 11. “A lot of people have difficulty getting rides to their appointments… I think that’s one thing that’s kind of hard for people to get to appointments, especially in Albuquerque or… when they’re scheduled at a different facility instead of here.” (Women 50–75) | |||
| 12. “I prefer [Facility #1 Name]…because they just gave me [the] run-around over here [Facility #2 Name]. They…keep telling me ‘go here, go there’ and now I went through lot of my tests for my…sickness that I got. To this day they haven’t…sent my results to [Facility #1 Name] so I called and I asked them ‘where are my results?’ and they told me you have to have them send it over here at the hospital. They said I have to do like a walk-in just to talk about my results and I’m like why, why, why can’t they just…schedule me and tell me, ‘okay, come up, we’ll talk’ but they said [there was] like a month [wait] for [an] appointment over here…I asked the [Facility #2 Name] doctor and I said ‘when am I going to know my results?’ And that…doctor [said] that we’re going to send your results to [Facility #1 Name], so I figured they already did but nobody hasn’t said anything to me yet.” (Women 50–75) | |||
| Potential Provider-Oriented Interventionsb | |||
| Increase provider delivery of screening services | Provider assessment and feedback | 13. “To me [talking to the doctor about cancer screening] is hard. It’s hard because the long terminology words; whatever they’re using. I mean, they don’t have the time to explain it to you in the terms that you would understand and it’s kind of difficult to say, ‘okay.’ Or, if I say no, what am I going to put myself through or what am I going to end up having later. So it’s kind of difficult…” (Women 50–75) |
Communication with providers Barriers and Supports |
| 14. “I also think it has to do with communication between the patient and the doctor you know sometimes the doctor will ask or you know sometimes it’s just like brushed aside with the patient or you know the patient not wanting to accept whatever they’re told…” (Women 21–49) | |||
| 15. “Nowadays these doctors, my doctor now, just wants to see [me] for a quick minute. They’ll let you wait for a long time and then he comes in for like maybe two minutes and that’s it.” (Men 50–75) | |||
aCPSFT recommended EBIs or approaches that have “strong evidence” in support of their effectiveness
bProviders did not share any perspectives on “provider reminder and recall systems” (CPSTF recommended EBI or approach with “strong evidence”)