Table 1. Details of topical preparations available for management of uremic pruritus and xerosis.

CKD: Chronic kidney disease; VCO: virgin coconut oil; CKD-ap: chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus

S.No	Author	Year	Intervention	Findings
1	Okada and Matsumoto [16]	2004	Aqueous gel with high water concentration	Aqueous gel with high water content should be recommended for CKD patients on hemodialysis, irrespective of itching.
2	Young et al. [17]	2009	Pramoxin-based anti-itch lotion	Pramoxine 1% lotion is safe and effective in reducing pruritus in ESRD patients on hemodialysis.
3	Balaskas et al. [18]	2011	Glycerin and paraffin	Twice daily application of emulsion containing glycerin and paraffin was found to be effective in improving the dryness and scaling of the skin, uremic pruritus and quality of life.
4	Castello and Milani [19]	2011	Topical 10% Urea + dexpanthenol lotion	Ureadin Rx 10 lotion formulation is effective in the management of uremic xerosis and pruritus.
5	Aramwit et al. [20]	2012	Sericin Cream	Sericin cream significantly decreased the pruritus and pigmentation of the skin and improved the overall quality of life among CKD patients.
6	Feily et al. [21]	2012	Cromolyn Sodium 4%	Topical preparation containing 4% cromolyn Na was more effective at reducing pruritus in 3rd and 4th week of its use than a placebo.
7	Lin et al. [14]	2012	Baby oil	Baby oil (cool and at normal temperature) effectively manages CKD-associated pruritus by the moisturizing and cooling effect.
8	Karadag et al. [22]	2014	Baby oil	Baby oil temporarily improved the itching and quality of sleep and life among CKD patients.
9	Nakhaee et al. [23]	2015	Avena sativa lotion and vinegar	Avena sativa lotion and Vinegar can be used as a complement to hydroxyzine therapy for managing uremic pruritus.
10	Tricaesario  et.al. [24]	2016	Almond oil cream (4%)	4% Almond oil cream is a good skin moisturizer and is found to be effective in the decrease of uremic xerosis and pruritus.
11	Elsaie et al. [25]	2017	Clove oil	Clove oil is effective and more acceptable for managing uremic pruritus, especially for patients unsuitable for systemic therapy.
12	Jeong et al. [15]	2017	Chia Seed Oil	4% Chia seed oil after eight weeks of topical application improved skin hydration, licken simplus chronicus, and prurigo nodularis. Thus chia seed oil can be used to manage pruritic skin associated with CKD and other conditions.
13	Mokhtarabadi et.al. [26]	2017	Baby oil	Baby oil with temperature variation did not affect pruritus severity but is a good moisturizing agent for the skin.
14	Mehri et.al. [27]	2018	Sweet almond oil	Sweet almond oil, when applied topically, it significantly reduces uremic pruritus in CKD patients on hemodialysis patients with no complications.
15	Mehri et al. [27]	2018	Almond oil (sweet)	Sweet almond oil, when applied topically, has shown improvement in uremic pruritus.
16	Khorsand et al. [28]	2019	Violet oil	Violet oil massage is more effective in minimizing uremic pruritus than massage alone and can be a complementary therapy.
17	Aquino et al. [29]	2020	6% topical Gabapentin	Short-term use of gabapentin topically for two weeks may significantly decrease the severity of Uremic pruritus without any complications.
18	Saodah et al. [30]	2020	VCO	Virgin coconut oil improves skin hydration and is useful for managing uremic pruritus.
19	Sadeghnejad et al. [31]	2021	Ostrich oil	The ostrich oil can be used as a complementary therapy in reducing pruritus in hemodialysis patients, but no improvement in quality of life was recorded.
20	Muliani et al. [32]	2021	VCO	VCO is better than olive oil in managing uremic pruritus and can be used as a nurse-led intervention.
21	Widyastuti et al. [33]	2021	Calcipotriol 0.005% ointment	Calcipotriol ointment is more effective in managing uremic pruritus than a placebo, can be used as adjunctive treatment, and is safe for CKD-ap.