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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 27.
Published in final edited form as: J Couns Psychol. 2018 Jan;65(1):74–85. doi: 10.1037/cou0000248

Table 2.

Measurement Equivalence/Invariance of the Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale

ME/I Forms Scaled χ2 df RMSEA ΔRMSEA CFI ΔCFI Δdf Δχ2 Model comparison

Men vs. women
Configural 107.26 54 .048 .981
Metric 111.98 62 .044 −.004 .982 .001 8 3.74 Configural
Scalar 127.03 70 .044 .000 .980 −.002 8 15.28 Metric

Those who have previously sought help from a mental health professional vs. those who have not
Configural 128.33 54 .057 .974
Metric 140.15 62 .054 −.003 .973 −.001 8 12.22 Configural
Scalar 154.84 70 .053 −.001 .970 −.003 8 13.19 Metric

Those reporting low vs. moderate-to-high psychological distress
Configural 122.41 54 .054 .976
Metric 142.53 62 .055 .001 .972 −.004 8 20.11 Configural
Scalar 160.44 70 .055 .000 .968 −.004 8 17.68 Metric

Note. ME/I = Measurement Equivalence/Invariance; df = degrees of freedom; RMSEA = root-mean-square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index. Bold indicates significant chi-square difference.