Table 3. Drug Delivery through Nasal route by NLC .

Drug	Purpose	Solid lipid	Liquid lipid	Surfactant	Formulation method	Outcome	Ref.
Almotriptan malate	Nasal delivery of antimigraine drug	Compritol	Labrafil	Tween 80 and lauroglycol	Hot homogenization and ultrasonication technique	In sheep nasal mucosa, chitosan-coated NLC showed enhanced mucoadhesion and high drug permeability, in vivo study shows high Cmax than the solution and oral marketed formulation in albino rabbits	72
Lorazepam	Nasal delivery of drug for status epilepticus	Glyceryl monostearate	Oleic acid	Tween 80 and pluronic F127	Solvent diffusion and evaporation method	Chitosan-based NLC show a sustained in vitro drug release rate as well as better in vivo result in convulsion model rats.	73
Mosapride citrate	Nasal delivery of prokinetic agent for GERD	Stearic acid	isopropyl myristate	L-alpha lecithin and Lutrol F127	Melt–emulsification low temperature–solidification technique	Drug loaded NLC show 3-fold increase in drug permeation in sheep nasal mucosa and increased gastric emptying rate and bioavailability in comparison to a drug suspension and marketed oral preparation.	74
Oleuropein	Phytochemical loaded NLC for treatment of meningitis	Tefose	Capmul	Poloxamer 188, polysorbate 80, and soy lecithin	Melt emulsification and ultrasonication method	High permeation of drugs is seen in the nasal mucosa. Initial burst release followed by sustained release is shown in in vitro studies.	31
Carbamazepine	For fast action of anti-epileptic drug through nose-to-brain targeting	Precirol ATO 5	Capmul MCM	Tween 80 and span 20	Microemulsion technique followed by probe sonication	Thermosensitive in situ gel using poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188), and the mucoadhesive polymer were used. NLC-based gel exhibits greater drug diffusion in sheep nasal mucosa and anticonvulsant activity in MES model rats than non-NLC-based gel and drug dispersion.	75
Flibanserin	Nose-to-brain delivery of seratonergic agent	Glyceryl behenate	Sweet almond oil	L-phosphatidyl choline and gelucire 44/14	High speed homogenization followed by sonication	Optimized formulation shows better drug release. In vivo assessment shows high plasma and brain drug concentration than raw drug.	76
Escitalopram and Paroxetine	Nose to brain drug delivery for treatment of depression	Precirol ATO 5	Lauroglycol 90	Tween 80	High Pressure Homogenization Technique	In vivo assays of NLC shows similar systemic drug with respect to i.v. drug administration. Borneal encapsulation result in five-time greater brain drug concentration with less systemic exposure.	77