Table 5. Drug delivery through ophthalmic route by NLC .

Drug	Purpose	Solid lipid	Liquid lipid	Surfactant	Formulation method	Outcome	Ref.
Nepafenac	Treatment of inflammation following cataract surgery	Glycerine monostearate	Miglyol 812N	Cremophor EL and soy lecithin	High speed homogenization followed by ultra-probe sonication	NLC loaded shows high gelation temperature than normal hydrogel. Sustained in vitro drug release is obtained by NLC loaded gel with no cytotoxicity in human corneal epithelial cells and high cellular penetration.	83
Ciprofloxacin	Antibacterial agent loaded NLC for treatment of Bacterial Endophthalmitis	Precirol ATO 5	Oleic acid	Tween 80 and poloxamer 188	High speed homogenization technique	Gellan gum is used as a gelling agent in drug-loaded NLC in situ gel. Transcorneal permeability and flux is improved in vitro studies. NLC show higher residence time which results in sustained drug release.	91
Baicalin	pH and temperature sensitivity ophthalmic gel	Compritol 888 ATO	Miglyol 812N	Cremophor EL and soy lecithin	Melt emulsification and ultra-sonication technique	The combination of carboxymethyl chitosan and poloxamer 407 (F127) crosslinked by genipin is used for dual pH and thermosensitive applications. semi Interpenetrating polymer networks hydrogel show high corneal permeation due to precorneal retention of baicalin than normal eye drops.	30
Dexamethasone	Treatment of dry eye disease	Cholesterol	Labrafac lipophile WL1349	Tween 80	Solvent diffusion technique	NLC shows cellular internalization in human corneal epithelial cells and corneal distribution in the porcine cornea. In ex vivo study ELISA show 5-fold reduction in TNF α production with reference to dexamethasone solution.	92
Palmitoylethanolamide	Treatment of diabetic retinopathy	Compritol 888 ATO	Miglyol 812	Lutrol F68	High shear homogenization	Drug-loaded NLC shows the high retinal distribution in rat eye following a single instillation. Topical administration of NLC inhibits retinal TNF α in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	93