Table 6. NLC as a gene delivery system .

Gene loaded	Drug loaded	Route of administration	Purpose	Outcome	Ref.
EGFR-specific siRNA duplexes	Paclitaxel	Inhalation and i.v.	Treatment of lung cancer with chemo and gene therapy	Effective transfer of siRNA and drug is seen in cancer cells. In vivo studies show inhalation results in higher distribution in lungs while iv administration failed to reach lung with tumor.	97
Enhanced green fluorescence protein pDNA	Temozolomide	i.v.	Gliomatosis cerebri combination therapy	A 4-fold decrease in IC50 value was seen with higher gene transfection efficiency. In vivo results show 3-time higher tumor inhibition by co loaded NLC than plain drug.	103
Fluorescent AF488- 231 siRNA	-	Topical	Localized delivery for wound healing	Collagen scaffold loaded with gene encapsulated NLC show siRNA delivery at sustained rate and downregulation ERK-1 protein was seen	98
Zika virus antigens encoding rvRNA	-	i.m.	Single low dose vaccine for zika virus	A stable two-vialed vaccine is prepared and optimized to provide immunogenicity in lowest dose. NLC loaded rvRNA provides protection against zika virus in mice.	104
TNF-α siRNA	Tacrolimus	Topical	Treatment of Psoriasis	Cellular transfection studies show presence of RNA in cytosol. 7-fold reduction of cytokine TNF-α expression in mice is shown in in vivo studies.	105
siRNAs (MMP3, CCL12, and HIF1A)	Prostaglandin E	Inhalation	Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	In vivo studies show inhalation in animal model of mice results in reduced body mass which is indicator of reduction in pulmonary fibrosis. Lung delivery is achieved with low tissue damage and mortality is seen.	106
Plasmid-enhanced green fluorescent protein pDNA	Paclitaxel	i.v.	Targeted lung cancer therapy	Cationic surface modified NLC with transferrin was prepared. High gene transfection and enhanced antitumor activity with low cytotoxicity is confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies.	107