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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Feb 28;71(7):2219–2228. doi: 10.1111/jgs.18305

TABLE 1.

Characteristics (at Milestone year) of ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) supplement/complementary and alternative medication (CAM) users and non-users (n[%]).h

Overall, n = 15,732 Users of supplements/ CAMa, n = 10,412 (66.2) Non-users of supplements/CAM, n = 5320

Sexb Female 8871 (56.4) 6619 (63.6) 2252 (42.3)
Male 6861 (43.6) 3793 (36.4) 3068 (57.7)
Age, years Mean (95% CI)c 79.6 (79.5–79.7) 79.5 (79.4–79.6) 79.7 (79.5–79.8)
Age groupc <75 years 1927 (12.3) 1312 (12.6) 615 (11.6)
75–<80 years 7698 (48.9) 5046 (48.5) 2652 (49.8)
≥80 years 6107 (38.8) 4054 (38.9) 2053 (38.6)
Educationb ≤12 years 8883 (56.5) 5703 (54.8) 3180 (59.8)
≥13 years 6848 (43.5) 4708 (45.2) 2140 (40.2)
Countryb Australia 13,966 (88.8) 9001 (86.4) 4965 (93.3)
United States 1766 (11.2) 1411 (13.6) 355 (6.7)
Ethnicityb Caucasian 14,748 (94.7) 9645 (93.6) 5103 (96.8)
African American 590 (3.8) 467 (4.5) 123 (2.3)
Other 242 (1.5) 196 (1.9) 46 (0.9)
Living statusc Living at home alone 5536 (35.2) 3928 (37.8) 1608 (30.2)
Living at home with others 9983 (63.5) 6356 (61.1) 3627 (68.2)
Assisted living setting 205 (1.3) 122 (1.1) 83 (1.6)
BMI, kg/m2 Mean (95% CI)c 27.7 (27.6–27.8) 27.7 (27.6–27.8) 27.7 (27.6–27.8)
Polypharmacyc,d 4849 (32.0) 3387 (33.6) 1462 (28.7)
Morbidities and health conditions History of cancerf Hypertensione,f 3841 (24.4) 14,197 (90.2) 2529 (24.3) 9356 (89.9) 1312 (24.7) 4841 (91.0)
Diabetese,f 2266 (14.4) 1439 (13.8) 827 (15.5)
Dyslipidemiae,f 12,719 (80.8) 8504 (81.7) 4215 (79.2)
In-study MACEe 420 (2.7) 245 (2.4) 175 (3.3)
History of depressionf 5807 (36.9) 3979 (38.2) 1828 (34.4)
Frailtyc,g 2474 (15.7) 1741 (16.8) 733 (13.8)
Pre-frailtyc,g 6191 (39.4) 4192 (40.3) 1999 (37.6)

Note: Values are n (% of reporting population) except for age and body mass index (BMI) which are given as mean (95% CI).

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events.

a

Reported use of one or more herbal, supplement or complementary medication in the past month.

b

Collected at baseline of the ASPREE trial.

c

Collected on the day of the Milestone visit.

d

Polypharmacy was defined as intake of four or more different prescribed medication types on the day of the Milestone clinic visit.

e

Occurrence at any time between ASPREE trial baseline and the day of the Milestone clinic visit Milestone.

f

History of cancer and depression at Milestone visit was obtained from pre-trial self-reported history + occurrence of adjudicated cancer/depression event in trial. History of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes used the definitions previously described in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial (Study design of ASPREE: a randomized, controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2013;36 (2):555–64. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2013.09.014).

g

Frailty/pre-frailty: participants were classified as frail if they met at least three of the following criteria and pre-frail if they met one or two of the criteria: (1) BMI < 20 kg/m2; (2) lowest 20% of grip strength taking into account sex and BMI; (3) the participant endorsed “I felt that everything I did was an effort” and/or “I could not get going” for three or more days during the last week, according to the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression 10 (CES-D10) scale; (4) time to walk 3 meters (10 feet) was in the lowest 20% taking into account sex and height, and (5) no walking outside the home in the last 2 weeks, or the longest amount of time walking outside without sitting down to rest was less than 10 min, according to LIFE Disability questionnaire responses.

h

Row numbers may not reflect full cohort due to missing responses. No variable exceeded 4% missing data.