Figure 3.

a) Proposed generation processes of hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. b) Relative changes on photoluminescence (PL) intensity of overall ROS probe DCFH versus irradiation time of white light in the presence of different PSs: Se6, Se5, SeH, and S5 (n = 3, mean ± SD). c) Decomposition rates of singlet oxygen probe ABDA upon irradiation of white light in the presence of Se6, Se5, Ce6, and MB. d) Relative PL intensity of hydroxyl radical probe HPF versus irradiation time of white light in the presence of Se6 or Se5. ESR signals of DMPO for e) hydroxyl radical and f) superoxide anion characterization in the presence of Se6 or Se5 (100 µm), before and after white light irradiation (100 mW cm⁻²). For probe detections, white light power was 20 mW cm⁻², while the concentrations of PSs and probes were as follow: 30 µm for PSs (MB, Ce6, Se6, Se5, SeH, or S5), 25 µm for DCFH, 100 µm for ABDA, 20 µm for HPF, respectively. For the measurement of Ce6, the solution was a mixture of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and water (1/1 V/V).