Table 1.
Baseline and pregnancy characteristics of study participants, according to Mediterranean diet adherence.
| Mediterranean diet adherence | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (<6 points) | Medium (6–11 points) | High (≥12 points) | Value of pa | ||
| N (%) | 1,356 (100) | 262 (19.3) | 972 (71.7) | 122 (9.0) | |
| Basal characteristics | |||||
| Age | 36.0 (5.0) | 34.8 (5.6) | 36.3 (4.8) | 36.5 (4.6) | 0.003 |
| Ethnicity* | |||||
|
1,062 (78.7) | 175 (67.1) | 773 (79.9) | 114 (94.2) | <0.0001 |
|
206 (15.3) | 61 (23.4) | 140 (14.5) | 5 (4.1) | <0.0001 |
|
37 (2.7) | 13 (5.0) | 30 (3.1) | 2 (1.7) | 0.181 |
|
17 (1.3) | 4 (1.5) | 13 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.416 |
|
15 (1.1) | 6 (2.3) | 9 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0.082 |
|
4 (0.3) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.276 |
| Smoking habit* | |||||
|
1,022 (81.8) | 188 (76.1) | 734 (82.9) | 100 (91.7) | <0.0001 |
|
156 (12.5) | 32 (13.0) | 117 (13.1) | 7 (6.4) | |
|
71 (5.7) | 27 (10.9) | 42 (4.7) | 2 (1.8) | |
| Educational level* | |||||
|
58 (4.3) | 16 (6.2) | 39 (4.1) | 3 (2.5) | <0.0001 |
|
367 (27.3) | 107 (41.3) | 247 (25.6) | 13 (10.7) | |
|
920 (68.4) | 136 (52.5) | 679 (70.4) | 105 (86.8) | |
| Marital status* | |||||
|
557 (44.7) | 111 (45.3) | 394 (44.2) | 52 (46.9) | 0.156 |
|
502 (40.3) | 85 (34.7) | 375 (42.1) | 42 (37.8) | |
|
36 (2.9) | 8 (3.3) | 26 (2.9) | 2 (1.8) | |
|
152 (12.2) | 41 (16.7) | 96 (10.8) | 15 (13.5) | |
| Employment status* | |||||
|
16 (1.2) | 6 (2.4) | 10 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
|
1,062 (79.0) | 188 (72.6) | 775 (80.3) | 99 (82.5) | |
|
97 (7.2) | 11 (4.3) | 78 (8.1) | 8 (6.7) | |
|
46 (3.4) | 15 (5.8) | 28 (2.9) | 3 (2.5) | |
|
123 (9.2) | 39 (15.1) | 74 (7.7) | 10 (8.3) | |
| Nulliparity | 713 (52.6) | 135 (51.5) | 508 (52.3) | 70 (57.4) | 0.532 |
| Assisted reproductive technologies | 295 (22.8) | 53 (21.0) | 207 (22.3) | 35 (30.7) | 0.107 |
| Measurments during pregnancy | |||||
| Weight (Kg) | |||||
|
63.2 (12.6) | 64.9 (14.0) | 62.9 (12.3) | 61.8 (11.2) | 0.004 |
|
68.1 (19.6) | 69.4 (13.5) | 68.0 (21.7) | 66.0 (11.0) | <0.0001 |
|
73.5 (12.6) | 75.1 (14.0) | 73.2 (12.3) | 72.5 (11.4) | 0.036 |
| Body mass index | |||||
|
23.7 (4.6) | 24.9 (5.0) | 23.5 (4.5) | 22.8 (3.8) | 0.001 |
|
25.7 (7.9) | 26.7 (4.9) | 25.6 (8.9) | 24.6 (3.8) | <0.0001 |
|
27.5 (4.4) | 28.5 (4.6) | 27.3 (4.4) | 26.8 (4.0) | 0.399 |
| Waist circumference (cm) at second trimester (19–23 wks) | 95.0 (9.7) | 97.0 (10.9) | 94.7 (9.4) | 92.7 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) at second trimester (19–23 wks) | |||||
|
105.4 (12.0) | 104.9 (11.3) | 105.5 (12.3) | 105.8 (11.4) | 0.815 |
|
67.7 (8.6) | 68.1 (9.4) | 67.6 (8.5) | 68.0 (7.4) | 0.725 |
|
80.3 (9.0) | 80.4 (9.4) | 80.2 (9.0) | 80.6 (7.8) | 0.934 |
Values are presented as means (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. aPearson’s chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and t-student for continuous variables. *Data missing in ethnicity for 7 cases, in smoking habit for 107 cases, in marital status for 109 cases, in educational level for 11 cases and in employment status for 12 cases.