Table 4.
Dietary intake of key foods according to Mediterranean diet adherence groups.
| Mediterranean diet adherence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (<6 points) | Medium (6–11 points) | High (≥12 points) | p-valuea | Adjusted p-value (low vs high)b | p for trendc | |
| N (%) | 1,356 (100) | 262 (19.3) | 972 (71.7) | |||
| Extra virgin olive oil (g/day) | 25.8 (21.0) | 37.8 (19.7) | 44.4 (16.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Refined oil (g/day) | 8.84 (15.6) | 7.30 (14.7) | 6.84 (15.9) | 0.293 | 0.575 | 0.361 |
| Total nut (g/day) | 9,75 (13.2) | 19.0 (17.7) | 32.1 (19.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/day) | 224.0 (111.0) | 304.4 (125.4) | 363.1 (127.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Legumes (g/day) | 39.6 (32.3) | 53.4 (36.8) | 73.8 (43.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fruits (g/day) | 275.6 (173.5) | 359.5 (175.9) | 419.9 (174.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Refined cereals (g/day) | 89.1 (49.1) | 61.7 (42.2) | 27.3 (30.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Whole grain cereals (g/day) | 18.1 (28.0) | 40.8 (39.0) | 74.7 (45.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fish or seafood (g/day) | 47.5 (35.1) | 72.7 (39.5) | 101.1 (39.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Fat fish (g/day) | 6.81 (11.0) | 14.4 (15.1) | 25.4 (18.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Red meat (g/day) | 56.6 (34.3) | 46.1 (33.4) | 35.3 (26.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Processed meat (g/day) | 37.5 (34.7) | 30.9 (23.9) | 24.1 (19.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pastries, cakes, or sweets (g/day) | 50.0 (40.1) | 36.6 (30.3) | 23.9 (19.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Dairy products (g/day) | 292.1 (168.6) | 328.1 (202.7) | 359.2 (219.0) | 0.004 | 0.240 | 0.095 |
Values are expressed as means (SD).
a
p-value refers to the comparison between different MedDiet adherence categories. p-value refers to the comparison between groups (MedDiet categories).
b
Adjusted p-value were obtained by multivariate linear regression models adjusted for total energy intake, age, ethnicity, smoking status, educational level, and pre-conceptional BMI.
c
To assess the linear trend (p for trend) across MedDiet adherence categories, the mean value was assigned to each tertile.