Table 3.
Validity and reliability of the Berlin questionnaire obtained in different published studies.
| Studies | Netzer (12) | Polanía-Dussan (19) | Bouloukaki (20) | Lauritzen (21) | Present study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place and year | Germany 1996 | Colombia 2013 | Greece 2013 | Denmark 2018 | Spain 2022 |
| Type and number of patients studied | General primary care n = 744 | General n = 212 | General primary care n = 189 | Sleep clinic n = 206 | General. primary care n = 266 |
| Used sleep test | PSG | PSG | PSG | CRM | HRM |
| Sex | NA | Men: 54.25% Woman: 45.75% | Men: 61.9% Woman: 38.1% | Men: 69.4% Woman: 30.6% | Men: 54.12% Woman: 45.88% |
| AUC | NA | 0.785 | 0.59 | NA | 0.786 |
| Sensitivity | 86% | 87% | 76% (AHI ≥5 y <15) 84% (AH ≥15 y ≤30) 79% (AHI >30) | 84% | 76.77% |
| Specificity | 77% | 70% | 40% (AHI ≥5 y <15) 61% (AHI ≥15 y ≤30) 39% (AHI >30) | 17% | 74.49% |
| VPP | 89% | 98% | 80–94% | 69% | 75.25% |
| VPN | NA | 21% | NA | 33% | 76.04% |
| Cronbach’s alpha coefficient | 0.86–0.92 | NA | NA | NA | 0.730 |
| Kappa index | 0.68–0.98 | 0.7257 | NA | NA | 0.739 |
PSG, polysomnography; CRM, cardiac respiratory monitoring; HRP, home respiratory polygraphy; AUC, area under the curve; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; NA, not available.