Figure 2.

The clinical management and target of currently used therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Prior to clinical infection with coronavirus, effective vaccines including adenovirus vector vaccines, mRNA, inactivated, and subunit vaccines play critical roles in preventing virus spread and limiting the severity of the infection. The clinical management and target of currently used therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are shown based on the disease severity. Monoclonal antibodies including casirivimab & imdevimab and bamlanivimab & etesevemab have been used in non-severe cases. Likewise, antiviral drugs such as Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir & ritonavir), molnupiravir and remdesivir, which target the virus replication in the infected cells have been used in mild-to-moderate patients. For severe to critically illness, corticosteroids and CRS management including IL-6R inhibitor and JAK inhibitors were administrated to control the excessive inflammation. Anticoagulants have been used to prevent and treat DVT. Supportive respiratory managements have been primary measures to treat patients with low blood oxygenation including ARDS. DVT, deep venous thrombosis; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome.