Figure 2.

The regulatory process of lactylation. There are two known modification pathways for lactylation. L-lactate can form lactoyl-CoA, which mediates lactylation under the catalysis of P300. In addition, methylglyoxal can form LGSH under the catalysis of GLO1, and LGSH can also mediate the lactylation of proteins, which does not require enzyme catalysis. LGSH can be decomposed into glutathione and D-lactate under the action of GLO2. Both L-and D-lactate-mediated lactylation were abolished by HDAC3. LGSH, Lactoylglutathione; GLO, glyxoalase.