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. 2023 Apr 26;96(1149):20221153. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20221153

Table 1.

Chronological evolution of the gamma-camera examinations used in breast cancer with the respective clinical indication and type of recommendation / document

Year Gamma-camera examination Clinical indications Type of recommendation
(date of last update)
1969 MUGA Early assessment of cardiac function after chemotherapy

  • ESMO guidelines (2019) 6

  • SNMMI/EANM guidelines (2020) 7

  • EANM guidelines (2022) 8

1971 Bone scan Initial staging of patients with clinically positive axillary nodes, large tumours (e.g. ≥5 cm), aggressive biology or clinical signs, symptoms or laboratory values suggesting metastases.
Restaging in case of suspected bone metastases, (pathologic) fractures or before radionuclide therapy.

  • AUC (2017) 9

  • ESMO guidelines (2019) 6

  • NCCN guidelines (2023) 10

1992 Scintimmamography / MBI Situations when mammography and ultrasound have limited accuracy (e.g. in dense breasts)

  • EANM / SNMMI guidelines (2022) 11

1993 SLN lympho scintigraphy Early breast cancer and clinically negative axilla, DCIS proposed for mastectomy, patients with N1 disease that was downstaged to N0 after neoadjuvant treatment

  • Consensus recommendations from an International Expert Panel 12

  • EANM/SNMMI guidelines (2013) 13

  • Meta-analysis 14

1996 ROLL/SNOLL Localisation of non-palpable breast lesions and identification of the SLN

  • Randomised controlled multicenter trial (2012) 15

  • Systematic review 16

AUC, appropriate use criteria; DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ;SLN, sentinel lymph node.