Table 1.

High impact studies that displayed efficacy of steroids in patients with COVID-19.

Study	Study type	Country	Study size	Agent used	Primary outcome
Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 The RECOVERY Collaborative Group (18)	Multicenter, open label RCT	United Kingdom	6,425	Oral or IV dexamethasone (6 mg) for up to 10 days	Lower incidence of mortality at 28 days in the treatment group among participants receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (more pronounced) or oxygen supplementation without invasive mechanical ventilation
Effect of dexamethasone on days alive and ventilator-free in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19. The CoDEX Randomized Control trial (37)	Multicenter, open label RCT	Brazil	299	20 mg dexamethasone for 5 days, followed by 10 mg for 5 days or until ICU discharge	A higher number of ventilator-free days during the first 28 days, defined as being alive and free from mechanical ventilation, in the treatment group
Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse as a treatment for hospitalised severe COVID-19 patients: results from a randomised controlled clinical trial (82)	Single-blind RCT	Iran	68	IV methylprednisolone pulse (250 mg) for 3 days	Clinical improvement was more significant and the mortality rate was noticeably lower in the treatment group
Open-label RCT of inhaled budesonide in nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19. The PRINCIPLE trial (83)	Multicenter, open-label RCT	United Kingdom	4,700	Inhaled budesonide	Decreased self-reported time to recovery and potentially reducing COVID-19 related hospital admissions and deaths