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. 2023 Aug 14;14:1224151. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1224151

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Copyright © 2023 Mafi, Rismanchi, Gholinezhad, Mohammadi, Mousavi, Hosseini, Milasi, Reiter, Ghezelbash, Rezaee, Sheida, Zarepour, Asemi, Mansournia and Mirzaei.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of apoptosis in leukaemia by melatonin. Melatonin can induce apoptosis in leukaemic cells by inducing ROS formation. In addition, melatonin can downregulate the expression of Cox-2 and hTERT genes, which leads to hindering the inhibitory effect of these two proteins on the caspase-dependent pathway of apoptosis. The combination therapy of melatonin with antitumour drugs in leukaemia can synergize the induction of apoptosis in tumoral cells. Each pathway modulates the function of proteins in the waterfall of apoptosis.