Table 2.
Coefficients From Growth Curve Models Predicting Changes in Depressive Symptoms Over Time
| Mothers | Fathers | Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Focal independent variables | |||
| Time (in years) | −0.03*** | −0.02* | |
| Child death | 0.41*** | 0.21** | † |
| Time since child death | −0.15*** | −0.07* | * |
| Time since child death2 | 0.01*** | 0.01† | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
| Age (at baseline) | −0.03*** | −0.02* | |
| Racially/ethnically minoritized | −0.04 | 0.17 | |
| Partnered | −0.47*** | −0.88*** | |
| Socioeconomic resources | |||
| Education (in years) | −0.09*** | −0.08*** | |
| Wealth (logged) | −0.04*** | 0.01 | |
| Interpersonal resources | |||
| Any surviving children | −0.49† | −0.25 | |
| Friends nearby | −0.07 | −0.05 | |
| Family nearby | −0.06 | 0.08 | |
| Share of children in weekly contact | −0.05 | −0.09 | |
| Health characteristics | |||
| Chronic conditions | 0.30*** | 0.22*** | |
| Heavy alcohol user | −0.36 | 0.14 | |
| Smoker | 0.06 | 0.02 | |
| Other bereavement | |||
| Prior child death | 0.18 | −0.13 | |
| Concurrent family death | 0.23*** | 0.09 | |
| Variance components | |||
| Within-person | 1.49 | 1.20 | |
| Intercept (1) | 1.46 | 1.15 | |
| Slope (2) | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
| Covariance between (1) and (2) | −0.25 | −0.40 | |
| Intercept | 5.35*** | 3.63*** |
Notes: Eight wave-specific, dichotomous indicators were included in the models to account for attrition from the study. Difference refers to significant gender interactions with focal independent variables from pooled model (not shown).
† p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.