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. 2023 Aug 24;17:2537–2547. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S427612

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© 2023 Shen et al.

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Multi-target mechanism of minoxidil for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Minoxidil significantly inhibits CYP17A1 and AR expression, thus reducing DHT production. Minoxidil may stimulate a mutation in the CYP19A1 gene, altering enzyme activity and facilitating the conversion of Testosterone to 17β-Estradiol, increasing 17β-Estradiol production.

Abbreviations: DPC, dermal papilla cell; DHP, dihydroprogesterone; AR, androgenic receptors; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; 17OH-pregnenolone: 17-Hydroxypregnenolone.