Table 7.

Physiochemical Parameters and their Active Mechanisms on HBOCs

Parameter	Conception or Active Mechanisms
Molecular size	Rate of extravasation; Alteration of vasoactive response
Hemoglobin concentration	Solution viscosity and oncotic pressure; Affects amount of concurrent fluid volume administered
Oxygen affinity	Ease of direct oxygenation; Indirect autoregulatory responses to oxygenation
Viscosity	Direct hemodynamic influence on organ performance
Oncotic pressure	Volume expansion on hemodynamics
pH value	Buffering capacity may influence blood pH
Purity	Residual modification agents or endotoxin exhibit toxic effects

Abbreviation: HBOCs, hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.