. 2023 Aug 9;14:1227182. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227182

Table 1.

Increase in overall Internet use and specific Internet activities during the pandemic and earthquakes among young adults—descriptive statistics and the paired samples Wilcoxon test (N = 353).

		Frequency in use		Daily use (in hours)
		Before pandemic and earthquakes	Increase during pandemic and earthquakes	Before pandemic and earthquakes	During pandemic and earthquakes
		n (%)	n (%)	M ± SD	M ± SD	z	p	r
OGB	No	344 (97.5)	346 (98.0)	1.14 ± 0.38	1.29 ± 0.76	–^a	–^a	–^a
OGB	Yes	9 (2.5)	7 (2.0)	1.14 ± 0.38	1.29 ± 0.76	–^a	–^a	–^a
OG	No	220 (62.3)	302 (85.6)	1.86 ± 1.22	1.97 ± 1.29	1.01	0.311	0.11
OG	Yes	133 (37.7)	51 (14.4)	1.86 ± 1.22	1.97 ± 1.29	1.01	0.311	0.11
PV	No	206 (58.4)	316 (89.5)	1.07 ± 0.42	1.13 ± 0.58	1.34	0.180	0.18
PV	Yes	147 (41.6)	37 (10.5)	1.07 ± 0.42	1.13 ± 0.58	1.34	0.180	0.18
SM	No	22 (6.2)	159 (45.0)	2.80 ± 1.31	3.08 ± 1.36	4.39*	<0.001	0.25
SM	Yes	331 (93.8)	194 (55.0)	2.80 ± 1.31	3.08 ± 1.36	4.39*	<0.001	0.25
OS	No	124 (35.1)	247 (70.0)	1.20 ± 0.62	1.37 ± 0.80	2.71*	0.007	0.24
OS	Yes	229 (64.9)	106 (30.0)	1.20 ± 0.62	1.37 ± 0.80	2.71*	0.007	0.24
IU	No	14 (4.0)	147 (41.6)	2.03 ± 0.97	2.46 ± 1.13	7.73*	<0.001	0.43
IU	Yes	339 (96.0)	206 (58.4)	2.03 ± 0.97	2.46 ± 1.13	7.73*	<0.001	0.43

OGB, online gambling; OG, Online gaming; PV, Pornography viewing; SM, Social media; OS, Online shopping; IU, overall Internet use; a – sample size was too small (n = 7) for paired sample Wilcoxon test; *p < 0.01.