. 2023 Aug 9;14:1227182. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227182

Table 4.

Differences in the perceived stress among young adults in regard to problematic Internet use and problematic specific Internet activities—Pearson’s chi-square test (N = 353).

	Source of stress
	Without stress	Pandemic	Earthquake	Pandemic and earthquake
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	χ²	p	V
OGB	0 (0.0)	1 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	–^c	–^c	–^c
OG^d	3 (18.8)^a	6 (31.6)^a	3 (33.3)^a	9 (24.3)^a	1.21	0.770	0.11
PV	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (7.7)	–^c	–^c	–^c
SM	19 (43.2)^a	51 (69.9)^b	18 (69.2)^a,b	106 (60.2)^a,b	9.05*	0.029	0.17
OS^d	1 (5.0)^a	5 (14.7)^a	1 (7.7)^a	7 (8.8)^a	1.48	0.707	0.11
IU	10 (21.7)^a	33 (44.0)^a	9 (34.6)^a	67 (38.1)^a	6.33	0.097	0.14

V, Cramer’s V; Different superscript letters (“a” and “b”) indicate statistically significant differences between the categories in different columns; d – Fisher’s Exact Test; c – cannot be computed because problematic Internet use variable is constant per specific group; *p < 0.05.