Table 2.

Summary of nanobiolistic transformation studies in plants

Species/tissue	NP type	Cargo	Loading capacity (w/w)	Delivery pressure (psi)	Target distance (cm)	Efficiency	Reference
N. tabacum plantlets	Au-capped MSNs (2.3 nm pores)	GFP plasmid and inducer	0.1 DNA:MSN	650	10	35.6 ± 12.8 GFP+ foci per plantlet	[34]
A. cepa epidermis	Au-capped MSNs (10 nm pores)	GFP or FITC-BSA protein, mCherry plasmid	0.625 BSA:MSN 0.15 GFP:MSN 0.01 DNA:MSN	1350	6	8% (GFP) and 28% (BSA) protein released	[98]
Z. mays embryos	Au-plated MSNs (10 nm pores)	Cre protein	0.03 Cre:MSN	650	6	24 events out of 120 embryos	[98]
O. sativa embryogenic calli	AuNPs (50, 200, 600, 1000 nm)	cry plasmid with hgh selectable marker	Not reported	1100	5	5 events out of 12 putative lines	[99]
A. cepa epidermis	Au nanorods (NRs, 25 × 73 nm)	mCherry plasmid	0.1 DNA: NRs	1350	4	77% of bombarded cells	[97]