Table 2. Analysis of 19 Real-Life Initiative Studies Regarding the Extent to Which Each Study Entails the Elements Identified for RPM Integrated Care Implementation .

First Author, Year, Country	Target Population (and Study Design)	Individual & Environment		Service Delivery			Leadership & Governance				Workforce		Financing		Technologies & Medical Products		Information & Research		Monitoring	Applied Technologies
		(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)	(e)	(f)	(g)	(h)	(i)	(j)	(k)	(l)	(m)	(n)	(o)	(p)	(q)	(r)
Agarwal et al, 2021, Canada47	COVID-19 (Descriptive study)	∘	∗	∗	∘	●	H2H	●	∗	S	∗	●	∘	B2B	●	∘	●	●	●	Telephone and/or VC + Messaging service + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + TM devices (ie, pulse oximeter, thermometer) + EMR + e-learning + Dashboard
Black et al, 2014, USA29	HF (RCT)	∘	●	●	∘	∘	H2H	∗	∘	S	●	∗	∗	B2B	∗	∗	●	∘	●	Telephone + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, scale, BP monitor) + EMR
Brooks et al, 2013, USA35	PTSD (Program assessment)	●	●	●	∘	∗	2HT	●	●	A	●	●	∘	-	∗	∘	∗	∘	∗	VC + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + EMR + e-learning
Casale et al, 2021, USA11	COVID-19 (Program assessment)	∘	∗	●	∘	∗	H2H	●	∗	S	●	●	∗	B2B	∗	∗	●	∘	∘	Telephone + TM devices (ie, pulse oximeter, BP monitor, thermometer) + EMR
Cheville et al, 2018, USA37	Cancer and hematologic conditions (RCT)	∘	∗	∗	∗	∘	2HT	●	∗	A	●	●	∘	-	●	∗	●	∗	●	Telephone and/or VC + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + Telerehabilitation + Pedometer + EMR + e-learning
Dontje et al, 2021, Netherlands44	ALS (Participatory action study)	●	●	●	∘	∘	H2H	∗	∘	S	●	∘	∘	B2B	∗	∗	∗	∗	●	Messaging service + Patient portal (ie, mobile app, to collect e-PROs) + Weighting scale + EMR
Fairbrother et al, 2013, Scotland54	HF (Qualitative study)	∘	∘	∗	∘	∘	H2H	∘	∘	S	∗	∘	∘	B2B	∗	∘	●	∘	∘	Telephone + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, pulse oximeter, BP monitor, scale) + e-learning
Foster et al, 2021, USA34	Infants with SVP (Program assessment)	∘	∗	●	∗	∗	H2H	●	∗	S	●	∗	∗	B2B	●	∘	●	●	●	VC + Patient portal (ie, mobile app, to collect e-PROs and for video/photo sharing) + TM devices (ie, scale and pulse oximeter) + EMR + e-learning + Dashboard
Herkert et al, 2020, Netherlands45	HF + COPD (Quasi-experimental study)	●	●	●	●	●	H2H	●	∗	S	●	∘	∘	B2B	●	∘	●	●	●	Telephone and VC + Messaging service + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, scale, and thermometer) + EMR + Dashboard
Krenitsky et al, 2020, USA14	COVID-19 + prenatal care (Program assessment)	∘	∘	∗	●	∘	H2H	∘	∘	S	●	∘	∘	B2B	●	∗	●	∘	∗	VC + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, and thermometer) + EMR
Pelletier et al, 2011, USA33	Diabetes (Program assessment)	∘	∗	∗	∘	∘	H2H	∗	∘	S	●	∗	●	B2B	∗	∘	∗	●	∗	Messaging service + Patient portal (for self-care enhancement) + TM devices (ie, glucometer and BP monitor) + Dashboard
Realdon et al, 2018, Italy41	Dementia (Program assessment)	∘	∗	●	∗	∗	H2H	∘	∘	S	●	∘	∗	B2B	●	●	●	●	∘	Messaging service + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, thermometer, scale, ECG, glucometer) + Smartwatch + Telerehabilitation + CRM + EMR–e-learning + Dashboard
Ricci and Morichelli, 2013, Italy42	Patients with CIED (Program assessment)	∘	∗	●	∘	∘	2HT	●	∗	A	●	∘	∘	B2C	∗	∘	●	∘	●	Telephone and e-mail + Patient portal (for data entry) + (Wireless) CIED
Schenkel et al, 2020, USA38	Lung transplant patients (Program assessment)	∘	∗	●	●	∗	2HT	●	∗	A	●	∘	∗	B2C	●	∘	●	∗	●	VC + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, scale, glucometer, spirometer) + EMR + e-learning
Schmidt et al, 2018, Germany52	Chronic cardio-vascular diseases (RCT)	∘	∗	●	∘	∗	2HT	●	∗	A	●	∘	∘	B2C	●	∗	∗	●	●	Telephone + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + TM devices + EMR + e-learning + Dashboard
Sheeran et al, 2011, USA32	Depression (Feasibility study)	∘	∗	●	∘	∘	H2H	●	∗	S	●	∘	∘	-	∗	∘	∗	∘	●	Telephone + Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + BT-enabled TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, scale, ECG, glucometer) + e-learning
Singh et al, 2011, USA31	Post-acute care (Longitudinal case study)	∗	●	●	∗	∗	2HT	●	●	A	●	∘	●	B2C	∗	●	●	●	●	Telephone + TM devices (ie, BP monitor, pulse oximeter, thermometer, scale, ECG, spirometer) + EMR + Dashboard
Smaradottir et al, 2017, Norway53	COPD (Program assessment)	∘	●	●	∘	∘	2HT	∗	∘	A	∗	∘	●	B2C	∗	∗	∗	●	∗	Patient portal (to collect e-PROs) + Pulse oximeter + Dashboard
Vuorinen et al, 2014, Finland51	HF (RCT)	∘	∗	●	∘	∗	H2H	∗	∗	S	●	∘	∘	B2B	●	∗	●	∘	●	Telephone + Patient portal (ie, mobile app, to collect e-PROs) + TM devices (ie, BP monitor, scale) + EMR

Abbreviations: RPM, Remote patient monitoring; H2H, hospital-to-home; TM, telemonitoring; VC, videoconferencing; EMR, electronic medical record; B2B, business-to-business; BT, Bluetooth; BP, blood pressure; HF, heart failure; RCT, randomized controlled trial; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; 2HT, high-touch-high-tech; e-PROs, electronic patient reported outcomes; SVP, single ventricle physiology; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic devices; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; B2C, business-to-consumer; CRM, customer relationship management tool.

Notes: ● Fully complying with Table 1; ∗ Partially complying with Table 1; ∘ Not complying with Table 1; A: actors’ coordination; S: stages’ coordination; (a) collaborative design process; (b) patient-centred implementation; (c) patient education and self-monitoring promotion; (d) multi-morbidity care; (e) dynamic trajectory of illness; (f) H2H vs 2HT; (g) coordination pivot; (h) shared decision-making culture; (i) stages vs actors’ coordination; (j) multidisciplinary core workforce; (k) supporting workforce; (l) coverage and/or reimbursement model; (m) B2B vs B2C; (n) ICTs and TM devices; (o) health data centre; (p) health indicators measurement; (q) clinical dashboards; (r) outcome measurements.