Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants according to the disease outcome during follow-up.
| Cognitively unimpaired (N=406) | Incident MCI (N=165) | Incident AD (N=57) | Total (N=628) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.8 (5.00) | 75.7 (5.04) | 78.2 (5.92) | 73.4 (5.58) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of storage time, mean (SD) | 15.54 (7.7) | 20.70 (9.58) | 21.97 (9.22) | 17.48 (8.75) | <0.0001 |
| Duration between visit 1 and 2, mean (SD) | 3.16 (1.64) | 4.40 (2.86) | 4.26 (2.29) | 3.58 (2.16) | <0.0001 |
| Duration between visit 1 and 3, mean (SD) | 6.35 (2.77) | 8.03 (3.41) | 8.21 (2.93) | 6.96 (3.07) | <0.0001 |
| Duration of follow-up time for disease outcome, mean (SD) | 6.16 (2.73) | 8.03 (4.45) | 6.91 (2.87) | 6.72 (3.38) | <0.0001 |
| Female, N (%) | 275 (67.7) | 112 (67.9) | 40 (70.2) | 427 (68.0) | 0.933 |
| Race/Ethnicity, N (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 153 (37.7%) | 17 (10.3%) | 4 (7.0%) | 174 (27.7%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 112 (27.6%) | 39 (23.6%) | 6 (10.5%) | 157 (25.0%) | |
| Hispanic | 129 (31.8%) | 108 (65.5%) | 47 (82.5%) | 284 (45.2%) | |
| Others | 12 (3%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (2.1%) | |
| APOE ε4 carrier, N (%) | 72 (17.7%) | 28 (17.0%) | 16 (28.1%) | 116 (18.5%) | 0.036 |
| Baseline biomarker levels: | |||||
| P-tau181 (pg/mL), median [IQR] | 2.14 [1.65–2.90] | 2.16 [1.62–3.03] | 2.78 [1.86–3.71] | 2.22 [1.69–2.98] | 0.003 |
| Geometric mean (SD) | 2.187 (1.667) | 2.088 (2.090) | 2.770 (1.631) | 2.208 (1.790) | 0.005 |
| NfL (pg/mL), median [IQR] | 17.5 [13.1–24.7] | 19.8 [14.8–26.8] | 24.3 [16.7–30.6 | 18.2 [13.7–25.9] | <0.0001 |
| Geometric mean (SD) | 18.104 (1.625) | 20.203 (1.590) | 23.466 (1.620) | 19.077 (1.626) | <0.0001 |
| GFAP (pg/mL), median [IQR] | 138 [102–190] | 158 [112–215] | 193 [126–261] | 147 [106–206] | 0.001 |
| Geometric mean (SD) | 140.990 (1.666) | 155.200 (1.619) | 175.181 (1.693) | 147.470 (1.663) | 0.004 |
| AΒ42/AΒ40, median [IQR] | 0.044 [0.038–0.051] | 0.045 [0.041–0.052] | 0.044 [0.038–0.047] | 0.044 [0.039–0.0519] | 0.077 |
| Geometric mean (SD) | 0.044 (1.362) | 0.048 (1.577) | 0.044 (1.306) | 0.045 (1.421) | 0.014 |
| P-tau181/Aβ42, median [IQR] | 0.332 (0.536) | 0.365 (0.666) | 0.855 (3.15) | 0.387 (1.10) | <0.0001 |
| Geometric mean (SD) | 0.235 (1.966) | 0.244 (2.099) | 0.384 (2.312) | 0.248 (2.057) | <0.001 |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 0.995 (0.347) | 1.21 (0.844) | 1.07 (0.341) | 1.05 (0.505) | 0.058 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 1.97 (1.45) | 2.34 (1.50) | 2.75 (1.53) | 2.13 (1.49) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, N (%) | 0.16 | ||||
| Underweight or normal | 81 (20.0%) | 22 (13.3%) | 7 (12.3%) | 110 (17.5%) | |
| Overweight | 141 (34.7%) | 51 (30.9%) | 20 (35.1%) | 212 (33.8%) | |
| Obese | 73 (18.0%) | 40 (24.2%) | 12 (21.1%) | 125 (19.9%) | |