Table 2.
Demographic features and preoperative data in easy vs. difficult LBDE
| Easy (Grade I A, B and II A, B) N = 959 (71.8%) | Difficult (Grade III, IV, V) N = 376 (28.2%) | p value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex female | 647 (67.5) | 243 (64.6) | 0.322 | 1.135 (0.883, 1.459) |
| Median age (years) | 59 (IQR 44–70) | 64 (IQR 49–74) | < 0.001 | – |
| Emergency admission | 688 (71.7) | 317 (84.3) | < 0.001 | 0.473 (0.346, 0.645) |
| Presentation* | ||||
| Acute pain | 316 (33) | 245 (65) | < 0.001 | 0.263 (0.204, 0.338) |
| Acute cholecystitis | 73 (7.6) | 21 (4) | 0.193 | 1.393 (0.844, 2.298) |
| Acute gallstone pancreatitis | 115 (12) | 31 (8.2) | 0.048 | 1.516 (1.000, 2.299) |
| Jaundice | 427 (44.5) | 254 (67.5) | < 0.001 | 0.386 (0.300, 0.495) |
| BMI ≥ 35 | 60 (6.2) | 32 (8.5) | 0.144 | 0.717 (0.459, 1.121) |
| Previous episodes | ||||
| Total | 294 (30.6) | 111 (29.5) | 0.685 | 1.055 (0.813, 1.370) |
| At other units | 144 (15) | 84 (22.3) | 0.001 | 0.614 (0.455, 0.829) |
| Preoperative imaging | ||||
| MRCP | 145 (15.1) | 75 (19.9) | 0.032 | 0.715 (0.525, 0.973) |
| Previous ERCP | 46(4.8) | 62 (16.5) | < 0.001 | 0.255 (0.171, 0.382) |
| Ultrasound | ||||
| Multiple gall stones | 855 (89) | 314 (83.5) | 0.005 | 1.623 (1.155, 2.281) |
| Single stones/none | 52 (5.4) | 26 (6.9) | 0.296 | 0.772 (0.474, 1.256) |
| Contracted/thick wall | 158 (16.4) | 69 (18.3) | 0.412 | 0.878 (0.642, 1.199) |
| CBD dilated | 407 (42.4) | 250 (66.5) | < 0.001 | 0.372 (0.290, 0.477) |
| Preoperative predictors of CBDS ** | 737 (76.8) | 351 (93.3) | < 0.001 | 0.236 (0.153, 0.364) |
Bold values indicate significant
BMI Body mass index, MRCP Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, CBD Common bile duct, CBDS common bile duct stone
*More than one presentation may be entered e.g. acute pain + jaundice
**Presentation with deranged liver function, jaundice, pancreatitis, suspected or confirmed stones on preoperative imaging