Table 3.
Operative data and technique
| Easy (grade I A, B and II A, B) N = 959 (71.8%) | Difficult (grade III, IV, V) N = 376 (28.2%) | p value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cystic pedicle | ||||
| Cystic duct stone/s | 293 (30.5) | 114(30.3) | 0.934 | 1.011 (0.780, 1.310) |
| Wide cystic duct | 286 (29.8) | 189 (50.2) | < 0.001 | 0.420 (0.329, 0.537) |
| Exploration technique | ||||
| Transcystic exploration | 745 (77.7) | 142 (37.7) | < 0.001 | 5.737 (4.432, 7.426) |
| Choledochotomy | 214 (22.3) | 234 (62.3) | ||
| Median number of CBD stones | 2 (IQR 1–3) | 3 (IQR 1–7) | < 0.001 | – |
| Median size of largest stones (mm) | 7 (IQR 5–9) | 12 (IQR 8–15) | < 0.001 | – |
| Use of Glucagon | 482 (50.2) | 124 (33) | < 0.001 | 2.054 (1.600, 2.635) |
| Choledochoscopy | 225 (23.4) | 369 (98.1) | < 0.001 | 0.006 (0.003, 0.012) |
| Biliary drainage | ||||
| T-tube | 90 (9.4) | 137 (36.4) | < 0.001 | 0.181 (0.134, 0.244) |
| Transcystic tube | 188 (19.6) | 109 (29) | < 0.001 | 0.597 (0.454, 0.786) |
| No biliary drain | 680 (70.9) | 105 (27.9) | < 0.001 | 6.290 (4.827, 8.199) |
| Stent | 1(0.1) | 17 (4.5) | < 0.001 | 0.022 (0.003, 0.166) |
| Biliary bypass | 0 | 8 (2.1)@ | < 0.001 | – |
| Abdominal drain | 773 (80.6) | 357 (95) | < 0.001 | 0.221 (0.136, 0.360) |
| Open conversion* | 4 (0.4) | 12 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 0.127 (0.041, 0.396) |
| Training components | 205 (21.4) | 67(17.8) | 0.147 | 1.254 (0.923, 1.703) |
| Median operative time (minutes) | 90 (IQR 70–120) | 140 (IQR 110–195) | < 0.001 | – |
Bold values indicate significant
*3 of 16 open conversions were due to adhesions unrelted to bile duct exploration
@Including biliary enteric anastomosis in two cases of Mirizzi Types 3 and 4 carried out at liver units as second procedures