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. 2023 Aug 28;9:124. doi: 10.1038/s41531-023-00570-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Shown is the percentage of cases with αSyn pathology (dark green indicates presence, light green indicates absence) in a retina, b optic nerve and c retina/optic nerve combined in cases with (+), without (−) and amygdala-only (AO) αSyn pathology in the brain. a 54% of the cases with αSyn pathology in the brain (+) showed αSyn pathology in the retina versus 0% of the cases without αSyn pathology in the brain (−) or with amygdala-only (AO) αSyn pathology. b Of cases with optic nerve tissue available (n = 28), all clinicopathological α-synucleinopathies (+; n = 13) showed αSyn pathology in the optic nerve as opposed to none of the other cases (n = 15). c Of the cases with αSyn in the brain ranging from brainstem-predominant to neocortical, 74% showed αSyn pathology in the retina/optic nerve. All cases without αSyn in the brain (−; n = 52) showed the absence of αSyn pathology in the retina/optic nerve, as did the cases with amygdala-only αSyn pathology (AO; n = 8). ON optic nerve, AO amygdala-only, n number.