Table 2. Absolute Risk of Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Death per 100 Person-Years With vs Without Screening in Randomized Clinical Trials.
| Cancer screening test | No. of individuals | Follow-up time, ya | Absolute risk of death from target cancer per 100 person-years | Absolute risk of all-cause death per 100 person-years | RR (95% CI) all-cause mortality | Lifetime gained with screening (95% CI), d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening | No screening | Screening | No screening | |||||
| Breast cancer: mammography8 | 73 634 | 13 | 0.038 | 0.039 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 1.00 (0.95-1.04) | 0 (−190 to 237) |
| Colorectal cancer: fecal testing every year31 | 457 750 | 15 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.00 (0.98-1.03) | 0 (−164 to 110) |
| Colorectal cancer: fecal testing every 2 y31 | 598 934 | 15 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0 (−55 to 55) |
| Colorectal cancer: sigmoidoscopy14 | 274 952 | 15 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 (0.95-1.00) | 110 (0 to 274) |
| Colorectal cancer: colonoscopy9b | 84 585 | 10 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.99 (0.96-1.04) | 37 (−146 to 146) |
| Prostate cancer: PSA testing32 | 675 232 | 10 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 37 (−37 to 73) |
| Lung cancer: CTc | 20 505 | 10d | 0.23 | 0.30 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.97 (0.88-1.08) | 107 (−286 to 430) |
| PLCO multiple screening tests28 | 154 887 | 17d | 0.24 | 0.25 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 123 (6 to 227) |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; PLCO, prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RR, risk ratio.
a
Time perspective for presented results.
b
Values are mortality rates over 10 years follow-up and corresponding risk ratios, as reported by Bretthauer et al.9
c
Meta-analysis of 3 randomized clinical trials shown in the eAppendix in Supplement 1.
d
Since no cumulative results for a specified follow-up time were given, median follow-up time is reported herein.