Abstract
Background
In areas of low disturbance, such as the Aysén Region of Chile, the presence of roads can inadvertently facilitate the spread of invasive species. To address this issue, it is imperative to maintain up-to-date biological inventories, as they serve as a primary source of information for the conservation of species and ecosystems. However, the maintenance of systematic inventories of vascular plants in Chile is virtually non-existent, especially outside protected wilderness areas. The data we have come from an inventory of vascular plant species along a stretch of coastal road in Puerto Cisnes (Aysén Region), characterised by a cut slope in the rock. The site is located between mountain ranges, in a region known for its protected wilderness areas and low levels of anthropogenic alteration. The study adopted an observational sampling design, using the road as a transect. For each species identified, the growth substrate, habit and dispersal mode were recorded. A total of 70 species (36 herbs, 23 shrubs and 11 trees) belonging to 42 families were found. The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (nine species) and Myrtaceae (four species). We recorded nine introduced species belonging to seven botanical families (Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Ten., Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora (Lemoine ex Burb. & Dean) N.E.Br., Cytisusscoparius (L.) Link, Digitalispurpurea L., Lotuspedunculatus Cav., Plantagolanceolata L., Polygonumcampanulatum Hook. f., Prunellavulgaris L., Rubusconstrictus Lefèvre & P.J.Müll). Of these nine species, seven are invasive, while the remaining two species have not been assessed for invasive potential (i.e. Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Polygonumcampanulatum). In particular, Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Rubusconstrictus are new regional records. The majority of species were found growing on the ground (44 species), while a significant proportion were found exclusively on rocky slopes (17 species). According to their seed dispersal mechanism, the most common syndromes were anemochory (32 species) and ornithochory (20 species). Other mechanisms such as mammalochory, ballochory or myrmecochory were less common (less than four species).
New information
This study provides valuable data on the vascular flora of Puerto Cisnes, Chile, a modest human settlement in a minimally altered landscape. The region, dominated by native forests and a burgeoning salmon farming industry, has few inventories, so the database presented here adds significantly to local botanical knowledge. The main novelty of this research is that it is the first inventory carried out on a road in a slightly altered area surrounded by protected wilderness areas (such as Magdalena Island National Park and Queulat National Park). The study systematically categorises species according to substrate, habitat and dispersal mode, dimensions that are rarely combined in a single database.
The inventory identifies 70 species (36 herbs, 23 shrubs and 11 trees) in 42 families. The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (with nine species) and Myrtaceae (with four species). Additionally, we recorded, two introduced species (Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Rubusconstrictus) at least 100 km south of their known distribution.
Keywords: invasive species, filmy ferns, vascular plants, rupicolous plants, fjords
Introduction
Inventories are indispensable for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of species. Such baseline information can serve multiple purposes, such as the generation of species distribution models (Weigelt et al. 2019), ecosystem restoration (Rai 2022) and the management and control of invasive exotic species (Fuentes et al. 2010). In Chile, as in many other Latin American countries, species monitoring is virtually non-existent (Möller and Muñóz-Pedreros 2014, Fuentes et al. 2010, Moussy et al. 2021), leaving little information to track the movement of species or their populations within a region. Certain groups, such as invasive plants, can significantly impact ecosystems, nutrient cycling, water production and fire regimes (Weidlich et al. 2020). These species colonise open areas, such as roadsides or railway lines (Deeley and Petrovskaya 2022), but systematic monitoring of these types of sites is lacking (Weigelt et al. 2019).
Inventories conducted on roads facilitate the study of species movements and their dispersal to other sites, enabling the prevention and management of potential biological invasions (e.g. Pauchard and Alaback 2004, Fuentes et al. 2013, Deeley and Petrovskaya 2022). Inventories are, therefore, needed to identify which new species are establishing in a given area and to act as an early warning system to prevent potential impacts. The identification and control of invasive species can contribute to the 14th and 15th goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (United Nations 2015) and, in particular, to the post-2020 global biodiversity framework (CBD 2021).
The Aysén Region of Chile has a limited number of inventories (e.g. Tomé et al. (2007), Teillier and Marticorena (2002), Quintanilla et al. (2008), Rodríguez et al. (2008), Promis et al. (2013), Sánchez-Jardón et al. (2013), Ramírez et al. (2014)); therefore, the database presented in this work contributes to the local understanding of the flora. The main novelty of this study is that it is the first inventory carried out on a road in a slightly modified area surrounded by protected wilderness areas (i.e. Magdalena Island National Park and Queulat National Park). The study includes the systematic categorisation of species based on substrate, habitat and dispersal mode, aspects rarely reported in a single database (but see Pincheira-Ulbrich et al. (2021)).
The inventory presents a total of 70 species (36 herbs [Fig. 5], 23 shrubs [Fig. 6] and 11 trees [Fig. 7]) belonging to 42 families (Table 1, Suppl. material 1). We recorded nine introduced species belonging to seven botanical families. Of these nine species, seven are invasive (Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Ten., Cytisusscoparius (L.) Link, Digitalispurpurea L., Lotuspedunculatus Cav., Plantagolanceolata L., Prunellavulgaris L., Rubusconstrictus P.J. Müll. & Lefèvre), while the remaining two species (i.e. Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Polygonumcampanulatum) have not been assessed for invasive potential (Fuentes et al. 2013, Fuentes et al. 2020). The most represented families were Hymenophyllaceae (nine species, Fig. 4) and Myrtaceae (four species, e.g. Fig. 7a, e). Two new records of introduced species (Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora and Rubusconstrictus, Fig. 3) were recorded at least 100 km south of their known distribution (Fuentes et al. 2013, Rodriguez et al. 2018, Fuentes et al. 2020).
A sample of herbs diversity.
Figure 5a.
Acaenaovalifolia;
Figure 5b.
Dysopsisglechomoides;
Figure 5c.
Leptinellascariosa;
Figure 5d.
Nerteragranadensis;
Figure 5e.
Gunneratinctoria;
Figure 5f.
Ranunculusrepens.
A sample of shrub diversity.
Figure 6a.
Azaralanceolata;
Figure 6b.
Berberisdarwinii;
Figure 6c.
Gaultheriaphillyreifolia;
Figure 6d.
Raphithamnusspinosus;
Figure 6e.
Fuchsiamagellanica;
Figure 6f.
Tepualiastipularis.
A sample of trees diversity.
Figure 7a.
Amomyrtusluma;
Figure 7b.
Caldcluviapaniculata;
Figure 7c.
Drimyswinteri;
Figure 7d.
Embothriumcoccineum;
Figure 7e.
Lumaapiculata;
Figure 7f.
Sophoracassioides.
Table 1.
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile. Species: Scientific name of a species. Habit: Climbing shrub, herb, liana, shrub and tree. Site where species were observed: Transect 1, Transect 2, Isolated rock, Transect 3. Seed dispersal syndrome: anemochorous, ornithochorous, mammalochory, ballochory, myrmecochory according to Armesto and Rozzi (1989), Wilson et al. (1996) and Salvande et al. (2011). Geographical origin: native, endemic and introduced according to Rodriguez et al. (2018). *: Invasive species according to Fuentes et al. (2013) and Fuentes et al. (2020). 1: presence, 0: absence
| Species | Habit | Transect 1 | Transect 2 | Isolated rock | Transect 3 | Seed dispersal syndrome | Geographic origin |
| Acaenaovalifolia Ruiz & Pav. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Epizoochory | Native |
| Acrisionecymosa (J. Remy) B. Nord. | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Endemic |
| Adiantumchilense Kaulf. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Amomyrtusluma (Molina) D. Legrand & Kausel | Tree | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Aristoteliachilensis (Molina) Stuntz | Tree | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Aspleniumdareoides Desv. | Herb | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Aspleniumtrilobum Cav. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Asterantheraovata (Cav.) Hanst. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Azaralanceolata Hook.f. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Berberisdarwinii Hook. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Berberismicrophylla G. Forst. | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Blechnumchilense (Kaulf.) Mett. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Blechnumpenna-marina (Poir.) Kuhn | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Caldcluviapaniculata (Cav.) D. Don | Tree | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Campsidiumvaldivianum (Phil.) Skottsb. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Diplolepispachyphylla (Decne.) Hechem & C. Ezcurra | Herb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Chusqueaculeou E. Desv. | Herb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Cirsiumvulgare (Savi) Ten. | Herb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Introduced* |
| Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora (Lemoine ex Burb. & Dean) N.E.Br. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Hydrochory/zoochory | Introduced |
| Cytisusscoparius (L.) Link | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ballochory/ myrmecochory | Introduced* |
| Digitalispurpurea L. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Multiple | Introduced* |
| Drimyswinteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. | Tree | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Endemic |
| Dysopsisglechomoides (A. Rich.) Müll. Arg. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ballochory/ myrmecochory | Endemic |
| Embothriumcoccineum J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. | Tree | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Ercillasyncarpellata Nowicke | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Endemic |
| Fasciculariabicolor (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Endemic |
| Fuchsiamagellanica Lam. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Galiumhypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Mammalochory/saurochory | Native |
| Gaultheriaphillyreifolia (Pers.) Sleumer | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory/saurochory | Native |
| Griseliniaracemosa (Phil.) Taub. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Gunneramagellanica Lam. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Mammalochory | Native |
| Gunneratinctoria (Molina) Mirb. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Mammalochory | Native |
| Hydrangeaserratifolia (Hook. & Arn.) F. Phil. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Multiple | Native |
| Hymenoglossumcruentum (Cav.) C. Presl | Herb | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumcuneatum Kunze | Herb | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Endemic |
| Hymenophyllumdentatum Cav. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumfalklandicum Baker | Herb | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumkrauseanum Phil. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumpectinatum Cav. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumpeltatum (Poir.) Desv. | Herb | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Hymenophyllumplicatum Kaulf. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Laureliopsisphilippiana (Looser) Schodde | Tree | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Leptinellascariosa Cass. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Lomatiaferruginea (Cav.) R. Br. | Tree | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Lophosoriaquadripinnata (J.F. Gmel.) C. Chr. | Herb | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Lotuspedunculatus Cav. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Introduced* |
| Lumaapiculata (DC.) Burret | Tree | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Luzuriagapolyphylla (Hook.) J.F. Macbr. | Subshrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Endemic |
| Luzuriagaradicans Ruiz & Pav. | Subshrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Megalastrumspectabile (Kaulf.) A.R. Sm. & R.C. Moran | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Mitrariacoccinea Cav. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Myrceugeniaplanipes (Hook. & Arn.) O. Berg | Tree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Nerteragranadensis (Mutis ex L.f.) Druce | Herb | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory/saurochory | Native |
| Philesiamagellanica J.F. Gmel. | Subshrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Plantagoaustralis Lam. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Hydrochory | Endemic |
| Plantagolanceolata L. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Hydrochory | Introduced* |
| Polygonumcampanulatum Hook. f. | Herb | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hydrochory/zoochory | Introduced |
| Prunellavulgaris L. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Myrmecochory | Introduced* |
| Ranunculusrepens L. | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Hydrochory | Native |
| Rhaphithamnusspinosus (Juss.) Moldenke | Shrub | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Raukaualaetevirens (Gay) Frodin | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Ribesmagellanicum Poir. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Ornithochory | Native |
| Rubusconstrictus Lefèvre & P.J.Müll | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Endozoochory | Introduced* |
| Sarmientascandens (J.D. Brandis ex Molina) Pers. | Shrub | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Endemic |
| Serpyllopsiscaespitosa (Gaudich.) C. Chr. | Herb | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Sophoracassioides (Phil.) Sparre | Tree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Hydrochory | Endemic |
| Sticherussquamulosus (Desv.) Nakai | Herb | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Endemic |
| Synammiafeuillei (Bertero) Copel. | Herb | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Anemochory | Native |
| Tepualiastipularis (Hook. & Arn.) Griseb. | Shrub | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
| Weinmanniatrichosperma Cav. | Tree | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Anemochory | Native |
A sample of filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) diversity.
Figure 4a.
Hymenophyllumcuneatum;
Figure 4b.
Hymenophyllumfalklandicum;
Figure 4c.
Hymenophyllumdentatum;
Figure 4d.
Hymenophyllumkrauseanum;
Figure 4e.
Hymenophyllumpectinatum;
Figure 4f.
Hymenophyllumplicatum.
A sample of introduced plants.
Figure 3a.
Cirsiumvulgare;
Figure 3b.
Crocosmiacrocosmiiflora;
Figure 3c.
Digitalispurpurea;
Figure 3d.
Prunellavulgaris;
Figure 3e.
Polygonumcampanulatum;
Figure 3f.
Rubusconstrictus.
Project description
Study area description
Puerto Cisnes is a small coastal town in the Aysén Region of Chile (44°43'46.33"S, 72°40'51.85"W). It is located in a small bay of the Puyuhuapi Channel, adjacent to the mouth of the Cisnes River (Fig. 1), opposite the Magdalena Island National Park and a few kilometres from the Queulat National Park. The landscape is diverse and includes native forests, channels and mountain ranges. The town has a population of about 7,000 and the salmon industry is the main economic activity, with tourism a secondary activity.
Figure 1.
Study area in Puerto Cisnes. T1: transect 1, corresponding to a small transect in the north. T2: transect 2, corresponding to most of the road. Yellow circle, corresponding isolated rock in the middle of transect 2. T3: transect 3, corresponding to the beach in the south.
Design description
Data collection took place between 24 and 26 February 2017. Sampling followed an observational protocol using the road as a transect with a continuous walk-through approach being employed (Brower et al. 1997). An inventory of species occurrences was conducted along a transect of approximately 2.45 km, covering both sides of the road and the rock face forming the fjord escarpment. In the near-vertical cut areas adjacent to the road, species growing within the first few metres, easily accessible from the road, were recorded. Whilst safety constraints prevented direct sampling from higher areas, an attempt was made to identify all species visible from the base of the cut. Each species was recorded at the time of first detection, regardless of subsequent occurrences within the transect. The primary aim of this strategy was to capture the broadest possible diversity of species within the constraints of the study area (Diekmann et al. 2007). The width of the transect was dictated by the physical constraints of the site, namely the road and the adjacent rock face (Diekmann et al. 2007, Speak et al. 2018). On the beach, the average transect width was 10 m.
The data were organised according to four sampling locations: Transect 1, corresponding to a small transect in the north; Transect 2, corresponding to most of the road; Isolated Rock, corresponding to a point in the middle of Transect 2; and Transect 3, corresponding to the beach in the south (Fig. 2). The urban area was excluded from the study. After data collection, the information was formatted according to the Darwin Core Standard for Biodiversity Data (https://dwc.tdwg.org/). The refinement of this criterion by Groom et al. (2019) enhances its suitability for the study and management of invasive species by providing a more detailed representation of the native status, establishment level and site occupancy means of the organism.
Study sites.
Figure 2a.
Transect 1;
Figure 2b.
Transect 2;
Figure 2c.
Isolated rock;
Figure 2d.
Transect 3.
Sampling methods
Sampling description
Field notes, photographs and some difficult-to-identify specimens taken along the transects were examined in the laboratory. Three types of data were described: (i) taxonomic identity, according to Marticorena and Rodríguez (Marticorena and Rodríguez 1995, Marticorena and Rodríguez 2001, Marticorena and Rodríguez 2003, Marticorena and Rodríguez 2005, Marticorena and Rodríguez 2011), (ii) microhabitat substrate (soil, rock escarpment, tree) as observed in the field, (iii) growth form (climber, epiphyte, liana, terricolous), according to Rodriguez et al. (2018), (vi) habit (herb, shrub, subshrub and tree), according to Rodriguez et al. (2018), (vi) dispersal syndrome (anemochorous, ornithochorous, mammalochory, ballochory, myrmecochory), according to Armesto and Rozzi (1989), Wilson et al. (1996), Salvande et al. (2011) and (vi) geographic origin (native, endemic, introduced) according to Rodriguez et al. (2018) and Fuentes et al. (2020). Taxonomic nomenclature followed Rodriguez et al. (2018) and the International Plant Names Index (IPNI 2022).
Geographic coverage
Description
Locality of Puerto Cisnes in Chile, situated in a small bay of the Puyuhuapi Channel, next to the mouth of the Cisnes River.
Coordinates
-44.7454° and -44.7242° Latitude; -72.6989° and -72.6877° Longitude.
Usage licence
Usage licence
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)
Data resources
Data package title
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile.
Number of data sets
1
Data set 1.
Data set name
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile.
Description
The dataset lists 70 vascular plant species found in three transects made along a rural road in Puerto Cisnes, Chile (Suppl. material 1).
Data set 1.
| Column label | Column description |
|---|---|
| occurrenceID | A unique identifier for each occurrence. |
| scientificName | The scientific name of taxon. |
| scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientific name. |
| kingdom | The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. |
| class | The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. |
| order | The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified. |
| family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. |
| habitat | Habitat type where species was observed (i.e. Road in an evergreen forest, Beach path). |
| locationRemarks | Comments or notes about the location (i.e. Growing on rock, growth in the soil, tree bark or a combination of these). |
| country | The name of the country where the organism was found. |
| municipality | Village around which sampling was carried out. |
| stateProvince | The administrative region where sampling took place. |
| eventRemarks | Name of the street where the transect was located. |
| locality | The specific mention of the sampling unit in which the organism was found (Transects 1, 2, 3 or isolated rock). |
| samplingProtocol | Name of the protocol used during sampling. |
| decimalLatitude | The latitude of the centre of each locality. |
| decimalLongitude | The longitude of the centre of each locality. |
| dynamicProperties | A list of additional measurements for the record. Seed dispersal syndrome, Growth form, Habit. |
| establishmentMeans | Statement about whether a organism has been introduced to a given place and time through the direct or indirect activity of modern humans (i.e. native, introduced). |
| degreeOfEstablishment | The degree to which a organism survives, reproduces and expands its range at the given place and time (i.e. native, invasive, casual, established). |
| geodeticDatum | The geographic coordinates given in decimal latitude and decimal longitude are based on a specific ellipsoid, geodetic datum or spatial reference system (SRS) (i.e. WGS84). |
| coordinateUncertaintyInMetres | Measurement uncertainty in metres. |
| eventDate | The date when the organism was registered. |
| recordedBy | Name of the observer. |
| recordedByID | Unique identifier of the species identifier in ORCID. |
Supplementary Material
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile
Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich
Data type
occurrences
Brief description
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile.
File: oo_881785.tsv
Acknowledgements
To Martina Pincheira for her collaboration in the field. To Cristopher Pincheira and Fernanda Sandoval for hosting me in their home, which was used as a laboratory. To Jonathan Urrutia and Jermán Carrasco for their generous help in identifying rare species. To Claudia Carrasco for her dedicated cartographic work. I would like to extend my gratitude to Robert Mesibov for his diligent work in reviewing the database. I also wish to thank Carlos Leopardi, Quentin Groom and an anonymous reviewer for their dedicated efforts in reviewing the manuscript. Their contributions significantly enhanced the quality of this work. This publication was funded by the Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales of the Universidad Católica de Temuco.
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile
Jimmy Pincheira-Ulbrich
Data type
occurrences
Brief description
Vascular plants along a coastal road in Puerto Cisnes, Aysén Region, Chile.
File: oo_881785.tsv