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. 2023 Aug 23;23:401. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04411-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Growth of maize plants exposed to different concentrations of Pi for 30 days. a Photos (one plant/pot). Scale bar = 5 cm. b Shoot and root fresh weight (grams) and shoot-to-root ratio. c Shoot and root total free-Pi content (ng Pi/mg fresh weight; malachite green). d Relative gene expression of selected molecular markers. ZmEIF4A and ZmTUBULIN were used as housekeeping genes. All values are relative to control (0 µM Pi roots or shoots), which is normalized to 1. Bars indicate means ± SD. Different letters indicate significant different means (one-way ANOVA followed by SNK test, p < 0.05, n = 5–7)