Table 5.

Clinical significance of scRNA-seq in various liquid tumors

Tumor	Year	Species	Protocol	Accession number (custom database if available)	Clinical significance	References
Acute myeloid leukemia	2019	Human	Seq-Well	GSE116256	Primitive AML cells exhibited dysregulated transcriptional programs with co-expression of stemness and myeloid priming genes and had prognostic significance	[261]
	2021	Human	Smart-seq2	GSE126068	Targeting both BCL2 and CXCR4 signaling might be a therapeutic strategy	[197]
	2022	Human	10 × Genomics	phs000159	Erythroid-related pathways were inhibited by decitabine, and this was reversed at relapse	[198]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	Correspondence with authors	Revealed premature accumulation of chemoresistant AML cells during early hematopoiesis. The hematopoietic stem cell-like cells from the non-CR group expressed more LSC markers (CD9, CD82, IL3RA, and IL1RAP) than those from the CR group. Chemoresistant progenitor cells had impaired myeloid differentiation owing to the early arrest of hematopoiesis	[199]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	HRA001240	QSCs were involved in the chemoresistance and poor outcomes of AML. The CD52-SIGLEC10 interaction between QSCs and monocytes might contribute to immune evasion and poor outcomes. LGALS1 was identified as a promising target for chemoresistant AML, and an LGALS1 inhibitor could help eliminate QSCs	[200]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	GSE196045	NFIC was identified as a transcription factor that was important for myeloid differentiation as well as AML cell survival and as a potential therapeutic target in AML	[152]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	GSE185993	Chemotherapy induced a generalized inflammatory and senescence-associated response. Some progenitor AML cells proliferated and differentiated with an expression of OXPHOS expression signature, while others were OXPHOS (low) miR-126 (high) and displayed high stemness and quiescence features	[127]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	Correspondence with authors	Identified a distinct LSC-like cluster with possible biomarkers in NK-AML (M4/M5). Provided an atlas of NK-AML (M4/M5) cell heterogeneity, composition, and biomarkers with implications for precision medicine and targeted therapies	[262]
	2023	Human	10 × Genomics	GSE213584	Identified unique C1Q+ macrophage-like leukemia cells. C1Q was identified as a marker for AML with adverse prognosis, orchestrated cancer infiltration pathway activity by communication with fibroblasts, and represents a compelling therapeutic target for EMI	[263]
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	2020	Human	10 × Genomics	GSE134759	Monocyte abundance was predictive of pediatric and adult B-ALL patient survival. Human B-ALL cells promoted the emergence of CD16+ nonclassical monocytes ex vivo. Anti-CSF1R therapy enhanced the targeted treatment of Ph+ B-ALL models in vivo	[204]
	2021	Human	Smart-seq2	GSE161901	Combination therapies targeting diverse oncogenic states and the immune ecosystem seem most promising to successfully eliminate tumor cells that escape treatment through coexisting transcriptional programs	[203]
	2021	Human	10 × Genomics	EGAS00001004027	Multiple mechanisms leading to acquired CD19 mutations contributed to CD19 loss and relapse on blinatumomab treatment. CD19 ex2part alternative splicing levels were found to be a new biomarker predictive of blinatumomab resistance or failure	[202]
	2022	Human	10 × Genomics	HRA000489	The leukemic cells at relapse tended to take on poorly differentiated states, whereas the changes in the residual cells were more complicated. Inhibition of the hypoxia pathway sensitized leukemic cells to chemotherapy	[201]