Table 1.
Presenting concerns, symptoms, and techniques employed during CFA sessions
| First Year Housestaff (N = 67) | Other personnel (N = 91) | χ | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concern | ||||
| Availability of social support | 58.97% | 48.60% | 1.555 | .2123 |
| History of prior trauma and loss | 6.41% | 10.28% | 0.436 | .5093 |
| Past or preexisting trauma/psychological problems/substance abuse problems | 6.41% | 5.61% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Financial concerns | 6.41% | 0.00% | 4.823 | .0281 |
| Concerns about ongoing threat | 3.85% | 17.76% | 7.057 | .0079 |
| Concerns about safety of loved one(s) | 3.85% | 12.15% | 2.956 | .0856 |
| Extreme guilt or shame | 3.85% | 11.21% | 2.373 | .1234 |
| Nature and severity of disaster experiences | 3.85% | 8.41% | 0.889 | .3458 |
| Other specific concerns | 3.85% | 7.48% | 0.513 | .4738 |
| Loved one(s) diagnosed or hospitalized with COVID-19 or dead | 3.85% | 0.00% | 2.120 | .1454 |
| Physical/mental health illness and medication(s) | 2.56% | 16.82% | 8.091 | .0044 |
| Living arrangements | 2.56% | 2.80% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Other concerns | 1.28% | 3.74% | 0.312 | .5766 |
| Has been diagnosed with COVID-19 | 1.28% | 0.00% | 0.025 | .8736 |
| Prior alcohol or drug use | 1.28% | 0.00% | 0.025 | .8736 |
| Death of a family member or friend | 0.00% | 5.61% | 2.910 | .0880 |
| Thoughts of harming self or others | 0.00% | 3.74% | 1.475 | .2245 |
| Concerns about child/adolescent | 0.00% | 1.87% | 0.244 | .6212 |
| Spiritual concerns | 0.00% | 1.87% | 0.244 | .6212 |
| Displaced from home | 0.00% | 0.93% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Lost job or school | 0.00% | 0.93% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Assisted with rescue/recovery | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| At risk of losing own life | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Concerns over developmental impact | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Disaster-related losses | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Has physical/emotional disability | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Medication stabilization | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Symptom | ||||
| Behavioral | ||||
| Isolation/withdrawal | 2.56% | 3.74% | 0.001 | .9801 |
| Maladaptive coping | 1.28% | 6.54% | 1.879 | .1704 |
| Other behavioral | 1.28% | 2.80% | 0.036 | .8486 |
| Excessive drug, alcohol, or prescription drug use | 1.28% | 0.00% | 0.025 | .8736 |
| Separation anxiety | 0.00% | 0.93% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Extreme disorientation | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| High risk behavior | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Regressive behavior | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Violent behavior | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Cognitive | ||||
| Difficulty concentrating | 2.56% | 10.28% | 3.015 | .0825 |
| Intrusive thoughts or images | 2.56% | 8.41% | 1.812 | .1783 |
| Other cognitive | 0.00% | 2.80% | 0.813 | .3673 |
| Difficulty making decisions | 0.00% | 1.87% | 0.244 | .6212 |
| Distressing dreams or nightmares | 0.00% | 0.93% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Difficulty remembering | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Inability to accept/cope with death of loved one(s) | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Preoccupation with death/ destruction | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Emotional | ||||
| Feeling anxious, fearful | 16.67% | 41.12% | 11.535 | .0007* |
| Sadness, tearful | 6.41% | 20.56% | 6.156 | .0131 |
| Feelings of guilt or shame | 5.13% | 16.82% | 4.825 | .0281 |
| Acute stress reactions | 5.13% | 12.15% | 1.890 | .1692 |
| Other emotion | 3.85% | 8.41% | 0.889 | .3458 |
| Despair, hopeless | 0.00% | 13.08% | 9.250 | .0024 |
| Irritability, anger | 0.00% | 5.61% | 2.910 | .0880 |
| Feeling emotionally numb, disconnected | 0.00% | 2.80% | 0.813 | .3673 |
| Acute grief reactions | 0.00% | 1.87% | 0.244 | .6212 |
| Physical | ||||
| Sleep difficulties | 5.13% | 24.30% | 10.833 | .0010* |
| Fatigue/exhaustion | 3.85% | 9.35% | 1.332 | .2485 |
| Difficulty eating | 1.28% | 6.54% | 1.879 | .1704 |
| Other physical symptom | 0.00% | 4.67% | 2.180 | .1398 |
| Headaches | 0.00% | 3.74% | 1.475 | .2245 |
| Stomachaches | 0.00% | 3.74% | 1.475 | .2245 |
| Worsening of health conditions | 0.00% | 1.87% | 0.244 | .6212 |
| Chronic agitation | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Technique | ||||
| Safety and Comfort | ||||
| Asked about immediate needs | 48.72% | 50.47% | 0.007 | .9314 |
| Encouraged social engagement | 41.03% | 31.78% | 1.303 | .2536 |
| Took steps to ensure immediate physical safety | 26.92% | 38.32% | 2.142 | .1433 |
| Attended to physical comfort | 14.10% | 11.21% | 0.131 | .7172 |
| Assisted with concern over separation from loved one | 12.82% | 7.48% | 0.921 | .3371 |
| Attended to traumatic grief | 2.56% | 1.87% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Gave information about the disaster/risks | 2.56% | 1.87% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Assisted with acute grief reactions | 1.28% | 3.74% | 0.312 | .5766 |
| Attended to spiritual issues regarding death | 0.00% | 0.93% | 0.000 | 1 |
| Assisted after death of loved one | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Helped with confirmation of death to child | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Helped with talking to children about death | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Provided information about funeral issues | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Practical Assistance | ||||
| Helped to develop an action plan | 61.54% | 76.64% | 4.226 | .0398 |
| Helped to identify most immediate need(s) | 60.26% | 66.36% | 0.486 | .4856 |
| Helped to clarify need(s) | 56.41% | 65.42% | 1.191 | .2751 |
| Helped with action to address the need | 38.46% | 57.94% | 6.092 | .0136 |
| Connection with Social Supports | ||||
| Discussed support seeking and giving | 30.77% | 50.47% | 6.393 | .0115 |
| Helped problem-solve obtaining/giving social support | 23.08% | 42.06% | 6.416 | .0113 |
| Modeled supportive behavior | 14.10% | 26.17% | 3.256 | .0712 |
| Facilitated access to primary support persons | 3.85% | 20.56% | 9.401 | .0022 |
| Engaged youth in activities | 0.00% | 0.00% | – | – |
| Stabilization | ||||
| Used grounding or relaxation technique | 5.13% | 9.35% | 0.624 | .4297 |
| Gathered information for referral for stabilization | 2.56% | 4.67% | 0.124 | .7247 |
| Helped with stabilization | 0.00% | 11.21% | 7.597 | .0058 |
*Significant at .001 level