Table 2.

Comparison of PSQI scores

	The control group	GDM	t/χ2 (GDM vs. control)	P 1value	PGDM	t/χ2 (PGDM vs. control)	P2 value
	n(%)	n(%)			n(%)
PSQI Score	3.57 ± 1.71	5.74 ± 2.81	16.748	< 0.001*	6.24 ± 3.12	6.903	< 0.001*
PSQI grade			189.194	< 0.001*		69.830	< 0.001*
0–5 points	623(87.9)	338(54.0)			33(49.3)
>5 points	86(12.1)	288(46.0)			34(50.7)
Sleep quality score			66.871	< 0.001*		64.756	< 0.001*
0	175(67.05)	76(29.12)			10(3.83)
1	441(51.34)	384(44.70)			34(3.96)
2	93(35.50)	151(57.63)			18(6.87)
3	0(0.00)	15(75.00)			5(25.00)
Time to fall asleep score			87.222	< 0.001*		37.580	< 0.001*
0	175(51.78)	145(42.90)			18(5.33)
1	432(59.02)	270(36.89)			30(4.10)
2	98(35.38)	166(59.93)			13(4.69)
3	4(7.27)	45(81.82)			6(10.91)
Sleep duration score			186.122	< 0.001*		151.201	< 0.001*
0	681(59.58)	425(37.18)			37(3.24)
1	24(10.96)	169(77.17)			26(11.87)
2	4(13.33)	23(76.67)			3(10.00)
3	0(0.00)	9(90.00)			1(10.00)
Sleep efficiency score			270.433	< 0.001*		285.797	< 0.001*
0	705(60.78)	416(35.86)			39(3.36)
1	0(0.00)	137(88.39)			18(11.61)
2	0(0.00)	36(83.72)			7(16.28)
3	4(9.09)	37(84.09)			3(6.82)
Sleep disorder score			89.897	< 0.001*		31.937	< 0.001*
0	16(38.10)	23(54.76)			3(7.14)
1	638(56.81)	438(39.00)			47(4.19)
2	55(23.81)	160(69.26)			16(6.93)
3	0(0.00)	5(83.33)			1(16.67)
Daytime dysfunction score			163.281	< 0.001*		53.786	< 0.001*
0	383(74.08)	128(24.76)			6(1.16)
1	158(35.51)	256(57.53)			31(6.97)
2	138(40.95)	178(52.82)			21(6.23)
3	30(29.13)	64(62.14)			9(8.74)

Abbreviations: PQSI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PGDM, pregestational diabetes mellitus;