Table 2.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of preoperative hypokalemia in gastrointestinal surgery
| Group H(n = 64) | Group N (n = 58) |
OR value (95% CI) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age(y) | 63.33±11.72 | 62.28±11.12 | 1.01(0.98 to 1.04) | 0.610 |
|
Gender[n(%)] Male Female |
64 44(68.8%) 20(31.2%) |
58 45(77.6%) 13(22.4%) |
0.64(0.28 to 1.43) 1.00 |
0.274 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.12±2.78 | 23.55±3.78 | 0.98(0.86 to 1.07) | 0.476 |
| ASA classification [n(%)] | ||||
| I | 3(4.7%) | 1(1.7%) | 1.00 | |
| II | 50(78.1%) | 50(86.2%) | 0.33(0.03 to 3.31) | 0.349 |
| III | 11(17.2%) | 7(12.1%) | 0.52(0.05 to 6.09) | 0.605 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.18±13.24 | 22.03±9.77 | 1.00(0.97 to 1.03) | 0.942 |
| ALT (U/L) | 17.15±11.48 | 20.54±13.51 | 0.98(0.98 to 1.00) | 0.137 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 69.38±16.61 | 72.42±20.80 | 0.99(0.97 to 1.01) | 0.370 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.35±2.10 | 6.85±6.76 | 0.90(0.78 to 1.03) | 0.130 |
| Hypertension [n(%)] | 12(18.8%) | 13(22.4%) | 0.80(0.33 to 1.93) | 0.617 |
| Calcium channel blockers [n(%)] | 1(1.6%) | 1(1.7%) | 0.91(0.06 to 14.80) | 0.944 |
| β-receptor blockers[n(%)] | 4(6.3%) | 4(6.9%) | 0.90(0.22 to 3.78) | 0.885 |
| ACEI or ARB[n(%)] | 3(4.7%) | 10(17.2%) | 0.24(0.62 to 0.91) | 0.035 |
| Thiazide diuretics [n(%)] | 7(10.9%) | 2(3.4%) | 3.44(0.68 to 17.27) | 0.134 |
| Anemia [n(%)] | 17(26.6%) | 18(31.0%) | ||
| Light | 15(23.4%) | 14(24.1%) | 0.91(0.39 to 2.11) | 0.830 |
| Moderate | 1(1.6%) | 1(1.7%) | 0.85(0.05 to 14.05) | 0.910 |
| Severe | 1(1.6%) | 3(5.2%) | 0.28(0.03 to 2.84) | 0.283 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n(%)] | 5(7.8%) | 3(5.2%) | 1.55(0.35 to 6.81) | 0.559 |
| Inability to eat or Intestinal obstruction a [n(%)] | 11(17.2%) | 3(5.2%) | 3.81(1.01 to 14.40) | 0.049 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 37.94±7.41 | 39.64±8.81 | 0.97(0.93 to 1.02) | 0.255 |
| Vomiting b [n(%)] | 11(17.2%) | 5(8.6%) | 2.20(0.715 to 6.77) | 0.169 |
| Diarrhea c[n(%)] | 16(25.0%) | 3(5.2%) | 6.11(1.68 to 22.26) | 0.006 |
| Hypokalemia on admission [n(%)] | 13(20.3%) | 1(1.7%) | 14.53(1.84 to 115.00) | 0.031 |
| Clinical nurse specialist of gastrosurgeryd [n(%)] | 57(89.1%) | 53(93.0%) | 0.768(0.230 to 2.569) | 0.668 |
a Anemia- Light, hemoglobin concentration 110 g/L ~ lower limit of normal reference value; Moderate, hemoglobin concentration 80 g/L ~ 109 g/L; Severe, hemoglobin concentration < 80 g/L;
a Inability to eat for more than 3 days or have clinical or imaging signs of intestinal obstruction;
b Vomiting for more than 48 h;
c Diarrhea for more than 48 h
dOperation was under cooperation with clinical nurse specialist of gastrosurgery
Group H, Hypokalemia group; Group N, Normokalemia group;
ALT, glutamic pyruvic transaminase; AST, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor antagonist;