Table 3.
Changes related to the scores of the GRF parameters
| Characteristic | CFT | MSI | Group Difference, Mean (95% CI) | Effect Size† |
Main Effect of Time | Interaction Effect | Bonferroni post-hoc tests | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Means (± SD) | Change relative to baseline (%) | Means (± SD) | Change relative to baseline (%) | F | P-value | F | P-value | Time | Group | |||
| GRF parameters at self-selected speed | ||||||||||||
| FPF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.99 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.98 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.01 (-0.01 to 0.02) | NA | 168.94 | < 0.001 | 65.51 | < 0.001 | Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001a,b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 1.05 ± 0.02 | 6.06 ↑ | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ↑ | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.07) | 3 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 7.07 ↑ | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 1.02 ↑ | 0.07 (0.06 to 0.08) | 3.5 | ||||||
| SPF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 1.09 ± 0.02 | NA | 1.08 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) | NA | 30.53 | < 0.001 | 60.40 | < 0.001 |
Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a), 6 mo (p < 0.001a) Baseline > 8 wk (N.Sb), 6 mo (p = 0 .01b) |
8 wk (p = 0.04); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 1.06 ± 0.02 | 2.75 ↓ | 1.07 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ↓ | -0.01 (-0.02 to -0.005) | 0.5 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1.05 ± 0.02 | 3.67 ↓ | 1.09 ± 0.03 | 0.92 ↑ | -0.04 (-0.06 to -0.03) | 1.57 | ||||||
| MSF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.87 ± 0.02 | NA | 0.86 ± 0.02 | NA | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | NA | 165.18 | < 0.001 | 30.11 | < 0.001 |
Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a,b), 6 mo (p < 0.001a), (p = 0.029b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 5.75 ↓ | 0.84 ± 0.03 | 2.33 ↓ | -0.02 (-0.03 to -0.01) | 0.67 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 0.80 ± 0.02 | 8.05 ↓ | 0.83 ± 0.03 | 3.49 ↓ | -0.03 (-0.04 to -0.02) | 1.18 | ||||||
| WAR (%BW/s) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 449.36 ± 37.48 | NA | 443.46 ± 45.39 | NA | 5.90 (-11.46 to 23.26) | NA | 310.99 | < 0.001 | 22.06 | < 0.001 | Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 568.31 ± 31.87 | 26.47 ↑ | 511.66 ± 41.30 | 15.38 ↑ | 56.65 (41.26 to 72.04) | 1.53 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 563.66 ± 26.33 | 25.29 ↑ | 510.51 ± 36.70 | 15.12 ↑ | 53.15 (39.82 to 66.48) | 1.66 | ||||||
| POR (%BW/s) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 619.49 ± 48.12 | NA | 615.27 ± 53.72 | NA | 3.77 (-17.50 to 25.04) | NA | 220.59 | < 0.001 | 8.86 | < 0.001 | Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p = 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 750.14 ± 58.11 | 21.09 ↑ | 702.75 ± 59.95 | 14.22 ↑ | 47.39 (22.79 to 71.99) | 0.80 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 749.79 ± 61.77 | 21.03 ↑ | 702.49 ± 69.69 | 14.18 ↑ | 47.30 (19.85 to 74.76) | 0.72 | ||||||
| GRF parameters at faster speed | ||||||||||||
| FPF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 1.09 ± 0.03 | NA | 1.08 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.01 (-0.01 to 0.02) | NA | 107.41 | < 0.001 | 27.91 | < 0.001 | Baseline > 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001 a,b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 1.15 ± 0.03 | 5.50 ↑ | 1.11 ± 0.03 | 2.77 ↑ | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.05) | 1.33 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 5.50 ↑ | 1.09 ± 0.02 | 0.93 ↑ | 0.06 (0.05 to 0.07) | 3.00 | ||||||
| SPF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 1.14 ± 0.03 | NA | 1.13 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.01 (-0.004 to 0.023) | NA | 21.53 | < 0.001 | 0.39 | 0.68 | Baseline > 8 wk (p < 0.001a,b) |
8 wk (N.S); 6 mo (p = 0.032) |
| 8 weeks | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 1.75 ↑ | 1.16 ± 0.03 | 2.65 ↑ | 0.004 (-0.01 to 0.02) | 0 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1.15 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ↑ | 1.14 ± 0.02 | 0.88 ↑ | 0.01 (0.001 to 0.02) | 0.5 | ||||||
| MSF (%BW) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 0.65 ± 0.03 | NA | 0.67 ± 0.03 | NA | -0.01 (-0.03 to 0) | NA | 8.53 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | 0.42 | Baseline > 6 mo (p < 0.001a) |
8 wk (p = 0.01); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 0.64 ± 0.03 | 1.54 ↓ | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 1.49 ↓ | -0.02 (-0.03 to -0.005) | 0.57 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 3.07 ↓ | 0.66 ± 0.03 | 1.49 ↓ | -0.02 (-0.04 to -0.01) | 1 | ||||||
| WAR (%BW/s) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 1157.49 ± 124.11 | NA | 1134.22 ± 117.22 | NA | 23.27 (-27 to 73.55) | NA | 6.17 | < 0.003 | 10.90 | < 0.001 |
Baseline < 8 wk(p < 0.001a), 6 mo (p = 0.048a) Baseline < 8 wk(N.Sb), 6 mo (p = 0.009b) |
8 wk (p = 0.02); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 1235.64 ± 111.23 | 6.75 ↑ | 1156.86 ± 124.06 | 2.00 ↑ | 78.78 (29.66 to 127.90) | 0.67 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1232.08 ± 120.21 | 6.05 ↑ | 1041.90 ± 251.77 | 8.13 ↓ | 190.18 (107.7 to 272.66) | 0.96 | ||||||
| POR (%BW/s) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 992.53 ± 50.34 | NA | 989.37 ± 45.12 | NA | 3.16 (-16.74 to 23.07) | NA | 290.78 | < 0.001 | 125.57 | < 0.001 | Baseline < 8 wk, 6 mo (p < 0.001a,b) |
8 wk (p < 0.001); 6 mo (p < 0.001) |
| 8 weeks | 1156.24 ± 43.94 | 16.49 ↑ | 1038.86 ± 36.37 | 5 ↑ | 117.37 (100.59 to 134.16) | 2.91 | ||||||
| 6 Month | 1155.87 ± 38.77 | 16.46 ↑ | 1009.18 ± 48.38 | 2 ↑ | 146.69 (128.40 to 164.98) | 3.35 | ||||||
Abbreviations: a: Results of Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in the CFT group; b: Results of Bonferroni Post Hoc tests in the MSI group; CI, Confidence Interval NA, Not applicable; N.S, Not significant; NRS: numeric rating scale; ODI: Oswestry Disability index; TSK: Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia; ↓ decrease, ↑ increase; †, Effect size (Cohen’s d).
All calculations were done using intention-to-treat principles. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (group × time) was used to compare differences between two groups based on adjusted analysis.