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. 2023 Aug 23;25:154. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03110-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — The relative frequency (%) and localisation of macrophages (CD68+) and T cells (CD3+) cells in advanced OA synovium as a percentage of immune cells (CD45+). A–C Flow cytometry was used to reveal the relative frequencies (%) of macrophages and T cells. D–E The differences in relative frequency (%) of T cell subsets (D) and macrophage subsets (E) between T cell dominant (blue) or macrophage dominant (red) patients. F Relationship between the relative frequency (%) of macrophages and T cells and the age of the patient. G The differences in age, BMI, and mean compartmental Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade between T cell dominant (blue) or macrophage dominant (red) patients. n=10. H Representative immunofluorescence staining of T cells (CD3, cyan) and macrophages (CD68, red); DAPI staining (blue) was used to visualise nuclei and CD146 (orange) to visualise vessels