Table 1.

Intervention variables and definition of interventions according to recommendations and shift interventions

Intervention variable	Intervention according to recommendation		Shift intervention
Sleep durationa	All children adhere to age-specific sleep recommendations at all waves:		Sleep duration is increased in all children that do not meet the lower recommended level by 0.5 h
	Age	Recommended sleep duration
	3–5 years	10–13 h per 24 h (incl. naps)f
	6–12 years	9–12 h per 24 hoursf
	13–18 years	8–10 h per 24 hoursf
	18–60 years	7 or more hours per nightg
	If child sleeps less than recommended, sleep duration of that child is set to the lower value of the recommendation
Screen timeb	All children < 6 years have a screen time of no more than 1 h/day All children ≥ 6 years have a screen time of no more than 2 h/day If child has higher screen time than recommended, screen time is set to upper the value of the recommendation		If children do not meet screen time recommendations, screen time is reduced by 0.5 h or, if recommendation is exceeded by less than 0.5 h, screen time is set to upper level of recommendation
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumptionc	All children drink SSB no more than 4 times/week If child consumes SSB > 4 times/week, SSB is set to 4 times/week		If SSB > 4 times/week, SSB is reduced by 1 per day but not below 4 times/week
Eating while doing something elsed	All children eat while doing something else on a non-daily basis, i.e. less than daily If child eats while doing something else ‘daily’, value is set to ‘non-daily’
Membership in sports clubd	All children are a member of a sports club
Active transportd	All children and adolescents use an active form of transport to/from kindergarten/school/work
MVPAe	All children meet PA recommendations of at least 60 min MVPA per day If MVPA < 60 min/day, then MVPA is set to 60 min/day		If children do not meet MVPA recommendations, MVPA is increased by 15 min/day or, if recommendation is underrun by less than 15 min/day, MVPA is set to lower level of recommendation (60 min/day)

^aRecommendations according to Center for Disease Control 2017 [3]

^bRecommendations according to American Psychological Association 2019 [4] and American Academy of Pediatrics [5]

^cNo clear recommendations exist but a recent review and meta-analysis pointed to an unfavorable effect of consuming more than 4 SSB/week [24]

^dMembership in sports club, active transport and eating while doing something else were dichotomous variables and no clear recommendations exist. For these reasons, here interventions were defined as adhering to the assumed favorable level

^eRecommendations simplified according to World Health Organization for children under 5 years 2019 [6] and for children aged ≥ 5 years of age and youth 2020 [7]

^fRecommendations based on a consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine [2]

^gRecommendations based on a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society [1]