Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample comprising 10 877 children
| N | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | 5613 | 51.6 |
| Female | 5264 | 48.4 | |
| European region | South | 2454 | 22.6 |
| Middle | 4932 | 45.3 | |
| East | 3491 | 32.1 | |
| Educational level of parentsa | Low | 678 | 6.2 |
| Medium | 4808 | 44.2 | |
| High | 5391 | 49.6 | |
| Maternal BMI | ≤ 25 kg/m2 | 7865 | 72.3 |
| > 25 kg/m2 | 3012 | 27.7 | |
| Migrant status of parents | Yes | 1420 | 13.1 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | Yes | 1635 | 15.0 |
| Family history of obesity | Yes | 2260 | 20.8 |
| Preterm birth | Yes | 1270 | 11.7 |
| Mean | SD | ||
| BMI z-score by Cole (2012) | -0.1 | 0.8 | |
| Age [years] | 5.8 | 1.9 | |
| Follow-up time [years] | 3.2 | 4.2 | |
| Duration of total breastfeeding [months] | 7.0 | 6.6 | |
| BMI of mother (kg/m2) | 23.6 | 4.1 | |
| Pregnancy—mother's age at birth of child [years] | 29.4 | 5.0 | |
| Usual energy intake excluding misreports (kcal/day) | 1484 | 176 | |
| Pregnancy—mother's gained weight [kg] | 14.0 | 5.5 | |
| Well-being score | 40.2 | 4.5 | |
| Screen time (hours/day) | 1.6 | 1.0 | |
| Nocturnal sleep duration (hours/day) | 10.4 | 1.0 | |
| SSB (times/week) | 2.6 | 5.5 | |
Number and percentages for categorical variables; means and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables
aHighest educational level of parents at baseline categorized according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) [27]