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. 2023 Aug 24;20:100. doi: 10.1186/s12966-023-01501-6

Table 3.

Population 13-year risk estimates of overweight/obesity using the g-formula

Observed risk: 31.38 Risk (%) 95% LCL 95% UCL Population risk ratio 95% LCL 95% UCL Population risk difference 95% LCL 95% UCL Cumulative % interveneda Average % intervenedb
0 Natural course 30.7 28.4 32.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
1a All subjects meet screen time recommendations 28.5 25.5 30.6 0.93 0.86 0.98 -2.21 -4.39 -0.71 97.1 75.1
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 30.1 27.7 32.1 0.98 0.94 1.02 -0.56 -1.97 0.54 49.3 39.3
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.0 27.9 32.0 0.98 0.95 0.99 -0.71 -1.47 -0.16 27.0 21.3
1b All subjects reduce screen time by 0.5 h/day 30.0 27.9 32.1 0.98 0.96 0.99 -0.64 -1.16 -0.22 97.1 75.1
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 30.5 28.3 32.6 0.99 0.98 1 -0.17 -0.52 0.09 49.3 39.3
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.5 28.2 32.5 0.99 0.99 1 -0.2 -0.36 -0.06 27.0 21.3
2 All subjects are members in sports club 29.1 26.5 31.0 0.95 0.91 0.99 -1.58 -2.73 -0.41 77.1 32.2
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 29.6 27.3 31.6 0.97 0.94 1 -1.02 -1.93 -0.06 42.4 19.2
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.0 27.8 32.1 0.98 0.96 1 -0.65 -1.08 -0.08 22.0 9.5
3 All subjects use an active form of transport 29.6 26.9 31.7 0.96 0.93 1.02 -1.12 -2.17 0.53 78.2 36.0
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 30.1 27.7 32.3 0.98 0.96 1.02 -0.53 -1.36 0.67 38.9 17.9
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.3 28.1 32.1 0.99 0.98 1.01 -0.4 -0.75 0.27 21.5 9.8
4a All subjects meet sleep recommendations 30.0 27.5 31.9 0.98 0.96 0.99 -0.64 -1.07 -0.28 58.5 37.7
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 30.3 27.9 32.3 0.99 0.98 0.99 -0.35 -0.58 -0.15 29.8 19.4
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.4 28.1 32.4 0.99 0.99 1 -0.22 -0.36 -0.1 16.9 10.8
4b All subjects increase sleep by 0.5 h 30.1 27.6 32.0 0.98 0.97 0.99 -0.59 -0.94 -0.25 58.5 37.7
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 30.4 27.9 32.3 0.99 0.98 1 -0.32 -0.51 -0.13 29.8 19.4
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.5 28.1 32.5 0.99 0.99 1 -0.2 -0.31 -0.09 16.9 10.8
5 All subjects eat while doing something else non-daily 29.5 26.8 31.5 0.96 0.91 1 -1.22 -2.72 -0.05 70.5 27.7
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 29.9 27.2 31.8 0.97 0.95 1 -0.8 -1.64 0.09 37.9 15.8
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.2 27.7 32.3 0.98 0.97 1 -0.48 -0.95 -0.04 19.7 7.7
6a All subjects drink max 4 SSB per week 31.6 29.2 33.5 1.03 1.01 1.06 0.97 0.18 1.82 78.0 46.4
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 31.4 28.9 33.4 1.02 1 1.04 0.69 0.15 1.25 42.1 26.5
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 31.0 28.7 33.1 1.01 1 1.02 0.36 0.08 0.71 22.6 13.9
6b All subjects reduce SSB by 1/day 31.4 29.0 33.4 1.02 1.01 1.05 0.73 0.16 1.4 78.0 46.4
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 31.2 28.8 33.2 1.02 1 1.03 0.5 0.12 0.93 42.1 26.5
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 30.9 28.6 33.0 1.01 1 1.02 0.27 0.06 0.53 22.6 13.9
7 All subjects adhere to recommendation for all variables (1a, 2, 3, 4a, 5 and 6a combined) 25.4 22.1 27.7 0.83 0.74 0.9 -5.27 -7.84 -3.15 100.0 93.0
Intervene only in subjects with low/medium parental ISCED 28.3 25.4 31.2 0.92 0.86 0.98 -2.34 -4.28 -0.64 50.4 47.7
Intervene only in subjects with mother's BMI > 25 kg/m2 28.7 26.5 31.3 0.94 0.91 0.97 -1.96 -2.83 -1.05 27.7 26.0

Hypothetical interventions on entire cohort as well as on children of parents with low/medium ISCED level and children of mother’s with BMI > 25 kg/m2 at baseline using data from W0 to W3. Model allowing contemporaneous effects of exposures on the outcome

aThe cumulative percent intervened on is the percent of the population required to change behavior in at least one wave

bThe average percent intervened on is the average, across all waves, of the percent of the study population required to change behavior in a given wave