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. 2023 Aug 29;23:1656. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16585-9

Table 4.

Two models with multivariate logistic regression analysis of associations with sufficient health literacy (HL). Model 1 included age, education, diet, alcohol intake, pain distribution, and rKOA. In model 2, general health was added. Presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)

Sufficient health literacy
Model 1 Model 2
n OR (95% CI) p-value OR (95% CI) p-value
Age 221 0.99 (0.95–1.04) 0.778 0.99 (0.95–1.04) 0.749
Education 221
 Compulsory school 1 1
 Secondary 4.39 (1.75–10.99) 0.002 4.85 (1.90–12.40) <0.001
 University 4.65 (1.83–11.84) 0.001 5.41 (2.06–14.22) <0.001
Dieta 221
 Less healthy diet 1 1
 Healthy diet 2.53 (1.07–5.98) 0.035 2.14 (0.89–5.15) 0.091
Alcohol intake 219
 ≥5 units/week 1 1
 1–4 units/week 1.94 (0.82–4.59) 0.131 1.66 (0.68–4.05) 0.263
 <1 unit/week 2.51 (1.00–6.29) 0.049 2.48 (0.97–6.34) 0.058
Pain distribution 220
 CWP 1 1
 CRP 2.81 (1.16–6.80) 0.022 1.85 (0.70–4.87) 0.213
 NCP 1.81 (0.63–5.15) 0.269 0.91 (0.27–3.02) 0.875
rKOAb 216
 Yes 1 1
 No 1.37 (0.69–2.74) 0.371 1.35 (0.66–2.76) 0.417
General health (Scoring 0–100, worst-best) 216 1.02 (1.00–1.04) 0.019

‘Sufficient HL’ was defined as having a sufficient level of general HL and electronic HL. a Vegetables and fruit every day, fish 2/week, breakfast most days, pastries a few times/week. bHaving a score ≥1 on the Ahlbäck scale for knee osteoarthritis

CWP Chronic widespread pain, CRP Chronic regional pain, NCP No chronic pain, rKOA Radiographic knee osteoarthritis