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. 2023 Aug 24;27:323. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04608-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — PPV and NPV for presumptive/proven PJP of serum BDG and respiratory Pneumocystis PCR both separately and in combination. BDG, (1,3)-β-D-glucan; NPV, negative predictive value; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PJP, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia; PPV, positive predictive value. Criteria for positivity used for the comparisons in the graph are manufactures’ cut-offs for BDG (80 pg/mL for the Fungitell assay and 11 pg/mL for the Wako assay) and any positive result for respiratory Pneumocystis PCR (see study methods). For the combination (PCR plus BDG), the reported PPV was obtained when both markers were concordant in indicating PJP (both positive), while the reported NPV was obtained when both markers when concordant in indicating no PJP (both negative)