Table 2.

Characteristics associated with serological prescription among EM episodes reported between 2011 and 2020, N = 1684

	Prescription of a serological test
	n in row (%)	Crude OR [95% CI]	p-value	Adjusted OR [95% CI]	p-value
Patients and episodes characteristics
Age, in years			0.21		0.94
≤ 15	26 (16.6)	0.70 [0.37–1.32]		0.83 [0.37–1.87]
]15–35]	56 (23.1)	1.06 [0.63–1.79]		0.94 [0.46–1.89]
]35–50]	70 (21.7)	Ref.		Ref.
]50–65]	127 (24.5)	1.36 [0.88–2.10]		1.11 [0.63–1.96]
More than 65	76 (20.9)	1.01 [0.63–1.63]		0.95 [0.51–1.77]
Gender			0.16		0.15
Female	192 (23.2)	Ref.		Ref.
Male	155 (21.1)	0.80 [0.58–1.09]		0.74 [0.49–1.11]
Reported tick bite			< 0.001		< 0.01
Yes	196 (19.0)	Ref.		Ref.
No	108 (27.1)	2.21 [1.52–3.20]		1.95 [1.23–3.09]
Erythema migrans size			< 0.001		< 0.001
< 5 centimeters	49 (13.9)	Ref.		Ref.
≥ 5 centimeters	296 (24.1)	3.04 [1.94–4.74]		4.34 [2.33–8.08]
Type of EM			< 0.001		< 0.01
Single	319 (21.0)	Ref.		Ref.
Multiple	30 (42.2)	3.73 [1.91–7.29]		3.82 [1.63–8.92]
Centrifugal growth			0.32		0.42
Yes	278 (20.5)	Ref.		Ref.
No	21 (25.0)	1.43 [0.71–2.86]		1.41 [0.61–3.26]
SGPs characteristics
Age, in years			0.06		0.37
≤ 40	58 (17.7)	Ref.		Ref.
]40–50]	90 (24.1)	1.95 [1.02–3.70]		1.61 [0.77–3.35]
]50–60]	123 (25.1)	2.39 [1.26–4.52]		0.94 [0.43–2.05]
More than 60	76 (18.9)	1.79 [0.90–3.55]		1.32 [0.56–3.11]
Gender			0.18		0.55
Female	111 (22.4)	Ref.		Ref.
Male	244 (22.0)	1.45 [0.84–2.52]		0.83 [0.44–1.56]
Type of practice			0.09		0.72
Individual	136 (23.7)	Ref.		Ref.
In groups	180 (20.7)	0.60 [0.33–1.08]		0.89 [0.48–1.66]
Municipality of practice			0.60		0.85
Rural	97 (20.9)	Réf.		Réf.
Urban	258 (22.6)	1.16 [0.66–2.05]		1.06 [0.56–2.03]
Regions by incidence rates 1,2			0.52		0.16
Low incidence region	139 (27.0)	1.37 [0.77–2.43]		1.93 [0.94–3.96]
Moderate incidence region	74 (23.8)	1.34 [0.67–2.70]		1.84 [0.81–4.18]
High incidence region	141 (18.2)	Ref.		Ref.
Number of cases seen by SGPs on a yearly basis			< 0.001		< 0.01
≤ 1 case	150 (38.5)	5.42 [2.48–11.84]		5.28 [1.73–16.11]
]1–5[	168 (20.6)	2.18 [1.00–4.76]		2.19 [0.77–6.20]
≥ 5 cases	37 (9.3)	Ref.		Ref.
Year of diagnosis			< 0.001		< 0.001
2011–2014	141 (41.2)	4.79 [3.21–7.16]		4.80 [2.77–8.33]
2015–2019	214 (16.9)	Ref.		Ref.

Adjusted odds ratio for all variables in the table; Ref.: reference.

¹Regions of SGP’s practice

²Low incidence rate: < 50 cases/100 000 ; moderate incidence rate: [50–100[ cases/100 000 ; high incidence rate: ≥ 100 cases/100 000