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. 2023 Aug 22;23:886. doi: 10.1186/s12913-023-09869-8

Table 5.

Quality assessment using the GRADE Tool

Risk of Bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Publication Bias
[31] High Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness Low Imprecision Low Risk of Publication Bias
[36] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (Qualitative) Low Risk of Publication Bias
[34] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (Qualitative) Low Risk of Publication Bias
[32] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (No effect sizes reported) Low Risk of Publication Bias
[35] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (Qualitative) Low Risk of Publication Bias
[33] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (Qualitative) Low Risk of Publication Bias
[37] Low Risk Low Inconsistency Low Indirectness N/A (Qualitative) Low Risk of Publication Bias