Table 1.
Population characteristics. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range for quantitative parameters depending on distribution, and as an absolute value and percentage for qualitative parameters. The p-value corresponds to the comparison between deceased and living patients
| Overall population (n = 530) | Living (n = 366) | Deceased (n = 164) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 69 ± 15 | 68 ± 15 | 73 ± 14 | < 10 − 3 |
| Male gender | 341 (64%) | 243 (66%) | 98 (60%) | 0.141 |
| BMI (kg.m− 2) | 27.8 ± 37.5 | 29.3 ± 44.9 | 24.3 ± 6.2 | 0.038 |
| Hypertension | 230 (43%) | 159 (43%) | 71 (43%) | 0.974 |
| Chronic cardiac failure | 134 (25%) | 74 (20%) | 60 (37%) | < 10 − 3 |
| Coronary heart failure | 104 (20%) | 64 (17%) | 40 (24%) | 0.065 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 151 (28%) | 109 (30%) | 42 (26%) | 0.326 |
| Cancer history | 186 (35%) | 116 (32%) | 70 (43%) | 0.015 |
| COPD | 79 (15%) | 49 (13%) | 30 (18%) | 0.144 |
| Chronic Renal Failure | 75 (14%) | 45 (12%) | 30 (18%) | 0.069 |
| Immunosuppression | 189 (36%) | 120 (33%) | 69 (42%) | 0.040 |
| Prehospital | ||||
| Initial SBP (mmHg) | 97 ± 30 | 99 ± 30 | 93 ± 30 | 0.056 |
| Initial DBP (mmHg) | 58 ± 19 | 59 ± 19 | 55 ± 20 | 0.069 |
| iPP (mmHg) | 39 ± 17 | 40 ± 17 | 38 ± 18 | 0.200 |
| iPP < 40mmHg | 292 (55%) | 198 (54%) | 94 (57%) | 0.491 |
| Initial MAP (mmHg) | 71 ± 22 | 72 ± 22 | 68 ± 22 | 0.064 |
| Initial HR (beats.min− 1) | 114 ± 28 | 115 ± 28 | 113 ± 31 | 0.463 |
| Initial RR (movements.min− 1) | 30 [22–36] | 28 [22–35] | 31 [25–38] | 0.007 |
| Initial pulse oximetry (%) | 92 [85–96] | 93 [87–96] | 90 [83–95] | 0.006 |
| Initial body core temperature (°C) | 38.3 [36.5–39.1] | 38.4 [36.8–39.3] | 38.1 [36.0–39.0] | 0.018 |
| Initial Glasgow coma scale | 15 [12–15] | 15 [13–15] | 14 [11–15] | 0.002 |
| Initial blood lactate (mmol.l− 1) | 5.8 ± 3.4 | 5.7 ± 3.3 | 6.3 ± 3.6 | 0.071 |
| Fluid expansion (ml) | 750 [500–100] | 750 [500–1000] | 750 [500–1000] | 0.523 |
| Norepinephrine administration | 155 (29%) | 104 (28%) | 51 (31%) | 0.530 |
| Prehospital AB administration | 132 (25%) | 97 (27%) | 35 (21%) | 0.205 |
| Prehospital duration (min) | 71 ± 34 | 69 ± 33 | 74 ± 35 | 0.111 |
| Final SBP (mmHg) | 106 ± 25 | 109 ± 25 | 100 ± 24 | < 10 − 3 |
| Final DBP (mmHg) | 62 ± 18 | 63 ± 18 | 60 ± 10 | 0.058 |
| dPP (mmHg.min− 1) | 0.07 ± 0.39 | 0.08 ± 0.39 | 0.02 ± 0.41 | 0.100 |
| Final MAP (mmHg) | 77 ± 19 | 78 ± 19 | 74 ± 19 | 0.040 |
| Final HR (beats.min− 1) | 107 ± 25 | 107 ± 25 | 109 ± 25 | 0.396 |
| Final RR (movements.min− 1) | 25 [19–30] | 24 [18–30] | 26 [20–34] | 0.011 |
| Final pulse oximetry (%) | 97 [94–99] | 97 [95–99] | 97 [93–98] | < 10 − 3 |
| Final body core temperature (°C) | 38.1 [36.2–39.3] | 38.0 [36.9–39.1] | 38.9 [35.9–39.6] | 0.041 |
| Final Glasgow coma scale | 15 [14–15] | 15 [14–15] | 14 [12–15] | < 10 − 3 |
| Final blood lactate (mmol.l− 1) | 4.2 ± 3.3 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 5.7 ± 3.8 | < 10 − 3 |
| Hospital | ||||
| SOFA score | 6 [3–9] | 5 [3–8] | 7 [4–10] | < 10 − 3 |
| In-ICU length of stay (days) | 4 [2–8] | 4 [2–9] | 3 [1–7] | 0.007 |
| In-hospital length of stay (days) | 10 [5–18] | 13 [8–21] | 5 [2–11] | < 10 − 3 |
Legend: SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, iPP = initial pulse pressure, dPP = delta pulse pressure, MAP = mean arterial pressure, HR = heart rate, RR = respiratory rate, ICU = intensive care unit, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AB = antibiotic therapy, min = minutes.
Values in bold indicate a p-value < 0.05 between living and deceased patients