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General characteristics of the study groups (active and passive smokers) from the outpatient department of the Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan, June–December 2019
| Variable | Participants (N = 217) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| active smokers (N = 54) | passive smokers (N = 163) | total | |
| Age [years] (M±SD) | 32.52±5.87 | 32.97±6.45 | 32.86±6.304 |
| Gender [n (%)] | |||
| male | 48 (88.88) | 97 (59.50) | 145 (66.8) |
| female | 6 (11.11) | 66 (30.41) | 72 (33.2) |
| Cigarettes [n] (M±SD) | 5.09±2.421 | – | 5.09±2.421 |
