Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the type 2 diabetes cohort within the CHIA database stratified by remission status¥.
|
|
All (n = 60287) |
Remission¥ (n = 11335) | Non-remission¥ (n = 48,607) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||||
| Age, years* | 64.6 (12.0) | 66.3 (11.9) | 64.1 (12.0) | |||
| Male gender, n (%) | 34408 (57.1) | 5992 (52.9) | 28224 (58.1) | |||
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
||||
| White | 58148 (96.5) | 11047 (97.5) | 46767 (96.2) | |||
| Black | 217 (0.4) | 35 (0.3) | 181 (0.4) | |||
| Asian | 1514 (2.5) | 190 (1.7) | 1317 (2.7) | |||
| Mixed/Other | 408 (0.7) | 63 (0.6) | 342 (0.7) | |||
| Socioeconomic Status, n (%) |
|
|
||||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile 1 | 7576 (12.6) | 1173 (10.3) | 6363 (13.1) | |||
| (most deprived) | ||||||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile 2 | 12137 (20.1) | 2280 (20.1) | 9788 (20.1) | |||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile 3 | 11457 (19.0) | 2018 (17.8) | 9375 (19.3) | |||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile 4 | 13028 (21.6) | 2554 (22.5) | 10398 (21.4) | |||
| Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile 5 (least deprived) | 16089 (26.7) | 3310 (29.2) | 12683 (26.1) | |||
| Clinical | ||||||
| Diabetes duration, years (n = 60138) | 60138 | 8.1 (6.8) | 11324 | 5.9 (5.3) | 48469 | 8.7 (7.0) |
| Frailty Index (n = 60244) | 0.2 (0.1) | 11316 | 0.2 (0.1) | 48583 | 0.2 (0.1) | |
| Total number baseline comorbidities n (%) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.3 (1.2) | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 30868 (51.2) | 5968 (52.7) | 24721 (50.9) | |||
| Stroke n (%) | 2584 (4.3) | 541 (4.8) | 2027 (4.2) | |||
| Myocardial Infarction n (%) | 4208 (7.0) | 702 (6.2) | 3483 (7.2) | |||
| Amputation n (%) | 648 (1.1) | 85 (0.7) | 560 (1.2) | |||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 6559 (10.9) | 1177 (10.4) | 5345 (11.0) | |||
| Weight, kg* | 90.8 (20.7) | 88.7 (20.4) | 91.4 (20.7) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2* | 31.5 (6.3) | 30.9 (6.3) | 31.7 (6.3) | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg* | 136.1 (15.4) | 136.2 (15.5) | 136.1 (15.4) | |||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg* | 77.2 (9.4) | 77.2 (9.4) | 77.2 (9.4) | |||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l* | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.2) | 4.5 (1.2) | |||
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/l* | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | |||
| HbA1c level, mmol/mol* | 60.1 (20.4) | 59.3 (19.7) | 60.2 (20.6) | |||
| eGFR | 73.1 (17.1) | 72.6 (17.2) | 73.2 (17.0) | |||
| Total number of medications prescribed# | 3.9 (2.4) | 3.3 (2.4) | 4.1 (2.4) | |||
| Anti-hypertensive medication, n (%) | 32509 (53.9) | 6071 (53.6) | 26253 (54.0) | |||
| Lipid-lowering medication, n (%) | 40992 (68.0) | 6903 (60.9) | 33862 (69.7) | |||
| Hypoglycaemic medication, n(%) | 41085 (68.1) | 4087(36.1) | 36799 (75.7) | |||
*Mean (SD). Remission was defined as having two HbA1c < 6.5% (48mmol/mol) readings separated by at least a period of 6 months and no oral hypoglycaemic medication and no history of bariatric surgery
¥Estimation sample varies across imputations; minimum number of observations reported. Baseline biochemistry data was defined as the mean of any measurements taken between 1st January 2013 and 31st March 2013) #Medication was defined as being prescribed during the first 6 months of the follow-up year (i.e., Jan-Jul 2013).